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a, \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=4,4-2,4=2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Mg}+n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{19,6\%}=75\left(g\right)\)
a) \(m_{HCl}=200.7,3\%=14,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
b,\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
c, mdd sau pứ = 16+200 = 216 (g)
\(C\%_{ddCuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.135.100\%}{216}=12,5\%\)
\(a.2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=17,6\\1,5x+y=\dfrac{61}{112}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{43}{190}\\y=\dfrac{2183}{10640}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=34,72\%\\m_{Fe}=65,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.BTNT\left(H\right):n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{61}{112}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{61}{112}.98}{30\%}=177,92\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=17,6+177,92-\dfrac{61}{11,2}.2=194,43\left(g\right)\\Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{43}{190}\\n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{2183}{10640}\end{matrix}\right. \\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=15,54\%;C\%_{FeCl_2}=13,4\%\)
\(a,\) Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Al}=x(mol)\\ n_{Fe}=y(mol \end{cases} \Rightarrow 27x+56y=17,6(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{12,2}{22,4}=0,54(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,54(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,22(mol)\\ y=0,21(mol) \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,22.27}{17,6}.100\%=33,75\%\\ \%_{Fe}=100\%-33,75\%=66,25\% \end{cases}\\ b,\Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=1,5x+y=0,54(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,54.98}{30\%}=176,4(g)\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,54.2=1,08(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd{\text{ sau phản ứng}}}=17,6+176,4-1,08=192,92(g)\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,11(mol);n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,21(mol)\\ \Sigma m_{\text{các chất sau phản ứng}}=m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}+m_{FeSO_4}=0,11.342+0,21.152=69,54(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{\text{chất sau phản ứng}}=\dfrac{69,54}{192,92}.100\%=36,05\%\)
\(n_{FeO}=a\left(mol\right),n_{CuO}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=72a+80b=19.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.15\)
\(m_{FeO}=0.1\cdot72=7.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1}{0.25}=0.4\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.15}{0.25}=0.6\left(M\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{SO_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,25.64}{24}.100\%\approx66,67\%\)
a) Chất rắn tan dần, có khí không màu thoát ra
Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.9,8}{100.98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => Fe hết, H2SO4 dư
Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
0,1-->0,1------->0,1---->0,1
mdd sau pư = 5,6 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 205,4 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(FeSO_4\right)=\dfrac{0,1.152}{205,4}.100\%=7,4\%\\C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,1\right).98}{205,4}.100\%=4,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)