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nAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(lít\right)\)
b. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
- Nếu là tính \(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}\) thì:
Ta có: \(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}=2M\)
=> \(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=0,15\left(lít\right)\)
- Nếu tính \(V_{\left(đkxđ\right)}\) thì:
VÌ H2SO4 là chất lỏng nên thể tích bằng số mol của chính nó.
=> \(V_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(lít\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
b, \(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
c, \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,6}{56}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35.22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,35.152=53,2\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,35=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)
a. PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2↑
b. Ta có: \(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{200:1000}=1,5M\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(lít\right)\)
c. Theo PT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ZnSO_4}=0,25.161=40,25\left(g\right)\)
d. Ta có: \(V_{dd_{ZnSO_4}}=0,2\left(lít\right)\)
=> \(C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,2}=1,25M\)
Bài 3:
a) \(CaO+SO_2\rightarrow CaSO_3\)
b) \(CaO+HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+H_2O\)
c) \(CaO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+H_2O\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
a_____2a_______a_______a (mol)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
b_____6b_______2b_______3a (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+160b=20\\2a+6b=0,2\cdot3,5=0,7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,05\cdot80=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{56}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{FeSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
b, \(m_{FeSO_4}=0,01.152=1,52\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\)
c, \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,01.98}{19,6\%}=5\left(g\right)\)
\(19.\\ a)n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1mol\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\\ b)m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{10}\cdot100=98g\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{ZnSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=0,2\cdot161=32,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
*Bạn bổ sung thêm khối lượng riêng của axit để tính C% nhé !