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Bài 4:
a: Xét tứ giác OBAC có
\(\widehat{OBA}+\widehat{OCA}=180^0\)
Do đó: OBAC là tứ giác nội tiếp
hay O,B,A,C cùng thuộc 1 đường tròn
Bài 5:
\(\sqrt{x+2021}-y^3=\sqrt{y+2021}-x^3\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+2021}-\sqrt{y+2021}\right)+\left(x^3-y^3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{\sqrt{x+2021}+\sqrt{y+2021}}+\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+2021}+\sqrt{y+2021}}+x^2+xy+y^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+2021}+\sqrt{y+2021}}+x^2+xy+y^2=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dễ thấy \(\left(1\right)>0\) với mọi x,y
Do đó \(x-y=0\) hay \(x=y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=x^2+2x^2-2x^2+2x+2022=x^2+2x+1+2021\\ \Leftrightarrow M=\left(x+1\right)^2+2021\ge2021\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
\(3,\\ a,\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)^2-4\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}+1}{1-\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)^2}{1-\sqrt{x}}=1-\sqrt{x}=1-\sqrt{2}\)
\(b,\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+4\sqrt{xy}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\\ =\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{xy}+y}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\\ =\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{1+\sqrt{6}}=\dfrac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{1+\sqrt{6}}\\ =\dfrac{\left(5+2\sqrt{6}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}-1\right)}{5}\\ =\dfrac{3\sqrt{6}+7}{5}\)
Bài 16: Biểu thức sau đây xác định với giá trị nào của x?
a) \(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)}\) c) \(\sqrt{\frac{x-2}{x+3}}\)
b) \(\sqrt{x^2-4}\) d) \(\sqrt{\frac{2+x}{5-x}}\)
Bài 22: Với n là số tự nhiên, chứng minh đẳng thức:
\(\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{n^2}=\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\)
a) \(\sqrt{2-x}-\sqrt{x^2-4}=0\) (1)
ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2-x\ge0\\x^2-4\ge0\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le2\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\x\le-2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x\le-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
(1) <=> \(\sqrt{2-x}=\sqrt{x^2-4}\)
<=> 2-x = x2-4
<=>x2 +x-6=0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(C\right)\\x=-3\left(C\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\sqrt{4x-20}+\sqrt{x-5}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{9x-45}=4\)(ĐK: \(x\ge5\))
<=> \(2\sqrt{x-5}+\sqrt{x-5}-\sqrt{x-5}=4\)
<=> x = 9 (TM)
14a) \(M=\sqrt{9+4\sqrt{5}}-\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2+2.\sqrt{2}.2+2^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}.2+2^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^2}=\left|\sqrt{5}+2\right|-\left|\sqrt{5}-2\right|\)
\(=\sqrt{5}+2-\sqrt{5}+2=4\)
b) \(N=\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{7}}-\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{7}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{7}.1+1^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}\right)^2+2.\sqrt{7}.1+1^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}+1\right)^2}=\left|\sqrt{7}-1\right|-\left|\sqrt{7}+1\right|\)
\(=\sqrt{7}-1-\sqrt{7}-1=-2\)
15a) \(P=\sqrt{11+6\sqrt{2}}-\sqrt{11-6\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3^2+2.3.\sqrt{2}+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\sqrt{3^2-2.3.\sqrt{2}+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(3+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(3-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}=\left|3+\sqrt{2}\right|-\left|3-\sqrt{2}\right|\)
\(=3+\sqrt{2}-3+\sqrt{2}=2\sqrt{2}\)
b) \(Q=\sqrt{17+12\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{17-12\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3^2+2.3.2\sqrt{2}+\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{3^2-2.3.2\sqrt{2}+\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)^2}=\left|3+2\sqrt{2}\right|+\left|3-2\sqrt{2}\right|\)
\(=3+2\sqrt{2}+3-2\sqrt{2}=6\)