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My mother has just bought a house ______ is full of roses. (whose garden / the garden / the garden of it / the garden whose)
2. They wrote ______ the addresses so that they could get in touch. (down / out / in / on) 3. They climbed onto the wall and they couldn’t get ______. (down / on / in / over) 4. ______he has been absent frequently; he has managed to pass the test. (Because / Because of / But / Though)
5. Mary will take a plane ______ she dislikes flying. (even though / because / and / in spite of)
6. She drank it to keep herself warm ______ she dislikes coffee. (although / because / because of / despite)
7. The children like to put _____ _ nice clothes when they go out. (in / off / into / on) 8. Before you go to bed, please turn ______ all the lights. (off / on / in / over)
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 1. My mother has just bought a house ______ is full of roses. (whose garden / the garden / the garden of it / the garden whose) 2. They wrote ______ the addresses so that they could get in touch. (down / out / in / on) 3. They climbed onto the wall and they couldn’t get ______. (down / on / in / over) 4. ______he has been absent frequently; he has managed to pass the test. (Because / Because of / But / Though) 5. Mary will take a plane ______ she dislikes flying. (even though / because / and / in spite of) 6. She drank it to keep herself warm ______ she dislikes coffee. (although / because / because of / despite) 7. The children like to put _____ _ nice clothes when they go out. (in / off / into / on) 8. Before you go to bed, please turn ______ all the lights. (off / on / in / over) 9. Please turn ______ the gas, I want to cook my lunch. (over / back / on / in) 10. I like bananas, ______ my brother doesn’t. (because / but / and / even though) 11. I shall go ______ you stay here. (and / because / however / although) 12. Jane will be admitted to the university ______ she has bad grades. (because / even though / because of / but) 13. ______ his physica l handicap, he has become a successful businessman. (Although / Despite / Because of / Because) 14. She was absent ______ her cold was worse. (because / or / because of / so) 15. The examination was long ______ difficult. (or / and / but / however) 16. Joh n was ill, ______ he went to bed early. (but / so / because of / however) 17. I’d love to play the table tennis ______ I have to complete an assignment. (and / so / but / or) 18. He likes to travel, ______ so does she. (and / or / but / therefore) 19. The new models are expensive, ______ efficient. (however / therefore / and / but) 20. He failed his examination. ______; she will have to do the examination again. (However / But / Therefore / Because) 21. Students have to carry ______ their duties. (out / in / for / over) 22. He ate the chocolate cake ______ he is on a diet. (in spite of / because / despite / even though) 23. She attended the class ______ she didn’t feel alert. (because / although / so / and) 24. Classes will be canceled tomorrow ______ it is a national holiday. (therefore / because / but / because of) 25. ______ her mother’s sickness, she couldn’t attend our wedding. (As of / Because of / Because / Since) 26. This is the man ______ has asked me to marry him. (who / which / whose / whom) 27. Da isy ______ always well dressed, has won the beauty contest. (that is / who is / that / who are) 28. Her confessor suggests she ______ a different university. (attends / attending / attended / attend) 29. The boss suggested our ______ a vacation. (taking / take / to take / took) 30. The doctor suggests ______ smoking. (me to stop / my stop / my stopping / mine stopping) 31. Yesterday, he gave ______ his evening job. (on / in / up / for) 32. He likes her a lot. ______; he wouldn’t keep calling her. (and / how ever / or / so) 33. He came in and didn’t say anything, ______ worried all of us. (that / whom / whose / which) 34. It can be black, white ______ gray. (or / however / but / so) 35. Is it a boy ______ a girl? (and / but / or / therefore) 36. Internet is a very fast ______ convenient way for us to get information. (and / therefore / or / but) 37. He is going to collect all the bags ______ take them to the garbage dump. (or / and / however / but) 38. In Western countries, electricity, gas, ______ water are no t luxuries but necessarities. (and / or / but / therefore) 39. It was still painful, ______ I went to see a doctor. (but / so / or / however) 40. The examination tested both listening ______ reading. (or / and / but / however) 41. It is raining, ______ I c an’t go to the beach. (so / but / or / and) 42. If you ______ complaining, I’ll leave immediately. (go off / go for / go on / go over) 43. Go ______ until you get to the junction and turn left. (out / on / back / ahead) 44. He took ______ my wet boots and made me sit by the fire. (on / after / over / off) 45. May I borrow your dictionary? I want to ______ this word. (take up / go up / look up / come up) 46. ______ Marcy lost the contest, she managed to smile. (However / But / Although / And) 47. We took man y pictures ______ the sky was cloudy. (though / and / because / but) 48. My father suggest that my sister ______ to school tomorrow. (doesn’t go / didn’t go / not go / no go) 49. It has been suggested that he ______ the election. (forget / is forgetting / forgot / was forgetting
9. Please turn ___on___ the gas, I want to cook my lunch. (over / back / on / in)
10. I like bananas, ___but___ my brother doesn’t. (because / but / and / even though)
11. I shall go __because____ you stay here. (and / because / however / although)
12. Jane will be admitted to the university __even though____ she has bad grades. (because / even though / because of / but)
13. _Despite_____ his physica l handicap, he has become a successful businessman. (Although / Despite / Because of / Because)
14. She was absent _because_____ her cold was worse. (because / or / because of / so)
15. The examination was long _and_____ difficult. (or / and / but / however)
16. Joh n was ill, __so____ he went to bed early. (but / so / because of / however)
17. I’d love to play the table tennis ___but___ I have to complete an assignment. (and / so / but / or)
The new models are expensive, ______ efficient. (however / therefore / and / but)
20. He failed his examination. ______; she will have to do the examination again. (However / But / Therefore / Because)
21. Students have to carry ______ their duties. (out / in / for / over)
22. He ate the chocolate cake ______ he is on a diet. (in spite of / because / despite / even though)
23. She attended the class ______ she didn’t feel alert. (because / although / so / and)
24. Classes will be canceled tomorrow ______ it is a national holiday. (therefore / because / but / because of)
25. ______ her mother’s sickness, she couldn’t attend our wedding. (As of / Because of / Because / Since)
26. This is the man ______ has asked me to marry him. (who / which / whose / whom)
27. Da isy ______ always well dressed, has won the beauty contest. (that is / who is / that / who are)
III. Change clauses of concession to phrases.
1. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
-> She didn't eat much despite her hunger.
2. He couldn’t solve the problem though he is good at maths.
-> He couldn't solve the problem in spite of being good at maths.
3. Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty.
-> Mr. Pike doesn't wear glasses despite being over sixty.
4. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
-> In spite of his experience in machinery, he didn't succeed in repairing this machine.
5. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
-> Despite the dark, they continued to work.
6. Although it was noise, I kept on studying.
-> In spite of the noise, I kept on studying.
7. Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
-> Despite the heavy rain, I went to school on time.
8. The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
-> In spite of the fog, the flight was not delayed.
9. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
-> Despite the fruits's being green, he ate all of them.
10. We did the test well though it was difficult.
-> We did the test in spite of its difficulty.
11. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
-> Despite his strength, I'm not afraid of him.
12. Everybody has great regard for him though he is poor.
-> Everybody has great regard for him despite his poverty.
13. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
-> The plane took off despite the bad weather.
14. He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red.
-> He didn't stop his car despite the red traffic lights.
15. He studied very well though his life was hard at that time.
-> He studied very well despite his hard life at that time.
16. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
-> Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.
17. Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
-> Despite his good English, he wasn't chosen.
18. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
-> Despite his English name, he is in fact German.
19. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
-> He always studies hard despite the difficulties he encounters.
20. Although the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic.
-> Despite the bad weather, we are gonig to have a picnic.
21. Although he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
-> Despite not having finished the paper, he went to sleep.
22. She attended the class although she didn’t feel alert.
-> She attended the class despite not feeling alert.
23. The child ate the cookies even though his mother had told him not to.
-> The child ate the cookies despite his mother's having told him not to.
24. She drank coffee to keep herself warm although she disliked it.
-> She drank coffee to keep herself warm despite her dislike for it.
25. Mary will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.
-> Mary will take a plane despite her dislike for flying.
26. Although Mary was sad, she managed to smile.
-> Despite Mary's sadness, she managed to smile.
27. The old woman told interesting stories to the children although her memory was poor.
-> The old woman told interesting stories to the children despite her poor memory.
28. Though he had been absent frequently, he was managed to pass the test.
-> Despite his frequent absence, he managed to pass the test.
29. He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet.
-> He ate the chocolate cake despite being on diet.
30. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
-> Despite the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies.
9. Please turn ______ the gas, I want to cook my lunch. (over / back / on / in)
10. I like bananas, ______ my brother doesn’t. (because / but / and / even though)
11. I shall go ______ you stay here. (and / because / however / although)
12. Jane will be admitted to the university ______ she has bad grades. (because / even though / because of / but)
13. ______ his physica l handicap, he has become a successful businessman. (Although / Despite / Because of / Because)
14. She was absent ______ her cold was worse. (because / or / because of / so)
15. The examination was long ______ difficult. (or / and / but / however)
16. Joh n was ill, ______ he went to bed early. (but / so / because of / however)
17. I’d love to play the table tennis ______ I have to complete an assignment. (and / so / but / or)
18. He likes to travel, and so does she.
195. The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go sailing.
The weather wasn’t good enough for us to go sailing.
_______________________________________________________
196. The plane took off before we arrived at the airport.
By the time ____________we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off.
_________________________________________________
197. I don’t live in a big city, so I can’t go to the cinema very often.
If _________I lived in a big city, I could go to the cinema very often.
____________________________________________________________
198. She never seems to succeed even though she works hard.
In spite of ______her hard work, she never seems to succeed ________________________________________________________
199. Jeanie is the tallest girl in her class.
No one _________in Jeanie's class is as tall as her.
________________________________________________________
200. You didn’t plan things at the start, so we are in this mess now.
If ________you had planned things at the start, we wouln't be in this mess now.
_____________________________________________________________
201. My father bought a car with a sun roof.
The car _______with a sun roof was bought by my father.
________________________________________________________
202. It’s said that English people are quiet and severed.
English people __________is said to be quiet and severed.
_________________________________________________
203. Fiona had to get on the plane though she was afraid of flying.
Despite ____________being afraid of flying, Fiona had to get on the plane.
____________________________________________________
204. Foxes can use their noses to find their dinners because they have a keen sense of smell.
Because of __________having a keen sense of smell, foxes can use their noses to find their dinners.
____________________________________________________
205. He was very old, but he walked ten miles everyday.
Despite ____________his old age, he walked ten miles everyday.
____________________________________________________
195. The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go sailing.
The weather wasn’t _GOOD ENOUGH FOR US TO GO SAILING____
196. The plane took off before we arrived at the airport.
By the time __WE ARRIVED AT THE AIRPORT, THE PLANE HAD TAKEN OFF_
197. I don’t live in a big city, so I can’t go to the cinema very often.
If ___I LIVED IN A BIG CITY, I COULD go to the cinema very often___
198. She never seems to succeed even though she works hard.
In spite of _WORKING HARD, She never seems to succeed __
199. Jeanie is the tallest girl in her class.
No one ___IN JEANIE'S CLASS IS TALLER THAN HER_
200. You didn’t plan things at the start, so we are in this mess now.
If __YOU HAD PLANNED THINGS AT THE STAR, WE WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN IN THIS MESS NOW____
201. My father bought a car with a sun roof.
The car ___WITH A SUN ROOF WAS BOUGHT BY MY FATHER_
202. It’s said that English people are quiet and severed.
English people __IS SAID TO BE QUIET AND SEVERED_________
203. Fiona had to get on the plane though she was afraid of flying.
Despite ___THE FACT THAT FIONA was afraid of flying, SHE had to get on the plane__
204. Foxes can use their noses to find their dinners because they have a keen sense of smell.
Because of ___HAVING a keen sense of smell, Foxes can use their noses to find their dinners__
205. He was very old, but he walked ten miles everyday.
Despite ___THE FACT THAT He was very old, he walked ten miles everyday. _______
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON
I/ Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. he is tired, he can’t work longer.
A. Because B. Even though C. Although D. Besides
2. it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
3. it was late, we decided to take a taxi home.
A. Because B. Since C. Because of D. Although
4. you subtract 7 from 12, you will have 5.
A. Because B. If C. Though D. As
5. We couldn’t reach the house the road was flooded.
A. because B. because of C. if D. though
6. he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
7. The flight had to be delayed the bad weather.
A. because B. Because of C. despite D. when
8. he comes to the theater with me, I shall go alone.
A. Because of B. Because C. Unless D. When
9. Take a map with you you lose your way.
A. so B. because C. although D. in case
10. rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the football games.
A. Even though B. Because C. Despite D. Because of
11. his illness, he had to cancel the appointment.
A. However B. Despite C. If D. Because of
12. Minh had a terrible headache. , he went to school.
A. However B. But C. Although D. Because
13. Tom has a bike, he always walks to school.
A. but B. because of C. because D. despite
14. My sister will take the plane she dislikes flying.
A. because B. so that C. although D. before
15. We decided to leave the party early it was boring.
A. due to B. because C. but D. and
16. The students arrived late the traffic jam.
A. because B. owing to C. despite D. so
17. he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late.
A. Since B. Although C. However D. Therefore
18. his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
A. In spite of B. Because of C. If D. Although
19. It was difficult to deliver the letter the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.
A. though B. but C. so D. because
20. it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
A. However B. But C. Although D. Because
21. He didn’t answer the questions correctly _______.
A. although he isn’t intelligent B. because he is intelligent
C. in spite of his intelligence D. despite his intelligent
22. ______, I can’t hear what he is saying.
A. Because of the noise B. Because of the soft music
C. Though the music is noise D. In spite of the noise music
23. _____, I feel very refresh.
A. Because I work very hard B. Although I get up early
C. Because of getting up early D. Despite getting up late
24. They live happily ______.
A. because they have no money B. though they are rich
C. in spite of their poverty D. because of their poor
25. He can’t join in the volunteer campaign _______.
A. although he is busy B. because he hurts his legs
C. in spite of working very hard D. because of registering for it
26. Though he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
A. Despite his carelessness, he had an accident yesterday.
B. Despite he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
C. In spite of driving carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
D. In spite of a careful drive, he had an accident yesterday.
27. He was very tired but he kept on working.
A. Despite very tired, he kept on working.
B. Though his tiredness, he kept on working.
C. Although he was very tired, but he kept on working.
D. He kept on working although he was very tired.
28. Although it rained heavily, they went on working.
A. In spite of the rain heavily, they went on working.
B. In spite of the raining heavily, they went on working.
C. Despite the heavy rain, they went on working.
D. Though the fact that it rained heavily, they went on working.
29. Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
A. Because cars cause pollution, people want them.
B. Despite the fact that cars cause pollution, people want them.
C. Cars cause pollution although people want them.
D. Cars cause pollution because people still want them.
30. She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much.
A. In spite of her serious illness, she enjoyed life very much.
B. Although she enjoyed life very much, she was seriously ill.
C. She was seriously ill because she enjoyed life very much.
D. Despite seriously ill, she enjoyed life very much.
II/ Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting:
31. My friends advised her to stop doing the housework because=> because of her old age.
A B C D
32. Because=> Because of the invention of machines such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines,
A B
women spend less time doing the housework.
C D
33. John didn’t go to work because of=> because he was seriously ill.
A B C D
34. In spite of=> Though my father is old, he still goes to work.
A B C D
35. Peter succeeded in his exam because of=> because he worked hard and methodically.
A B C D
36. Rice plants grow well because the climate is warmly=> warm and damp.
A B C D
37. The plane couldn’t take off because=> because of the bad weather.
A B C D
38. He couldn’t drive fast owing to=> because the street was crowded and narrow.
A B C D
39. The train was late because the fog is=> was thick.
A B C D
40. Since=> Because of the difficult test, I couldn’t finish it on time.
A B C D
III/ Rewrite these sentences
1. He was late for school because his bike was broken.
à ……He was late for school….because of ……his broken bike…
2. Although he runs very fast, he isn’t tired.
à Despite ……he runs very fast , he isn’t tired..
3. Most people think jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog.
à Because ...most people think jogging is a good exercise,they begin to jog..
4. The air in the country is polluted, but people like to live there.
à ....People like to live in the country... though .....the air there is polluted....
5. Computers can be used for various purposes, so they become very popular today.
à Because of .......being used for various purposes, computers become very popular today......
6. If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy.
à …Your parents would be very happy.. because …you passed the exam……
7. Because of the hot weather, we go to the beach.
à If …the weather is hot, we will go to the beach…
8. Tom understands the lesson. However, he couldn’t apply in the exercises.
à …Tom couldn’t apply in the exercises... although …he understands the lesson...
9. They played very well. Therefore, they won the game.
à Because …they played very well, they won the game…
10. The suitcase is too heavy for Tom to bring.
à …Tom can't bring the suitcase…. because it is too heavy…….
1. Our meeting started half an hour late.... an earthquake
A. since B. on account C. because of D. for
2. Although the traffic was bad, I managed to arrive on time
A. Despite of the traffic, I managed to arrive on time
B. In spite the traffic, I managed to arrive on time
C. In spite of the traffic, I managed to arrive on time
D. In spite of the traffic, I manage to arrive on time
3. ...his old age, Mr Brown goes jogging every day
A. In spite B. Although C. However D. Despite
4. She applied for the job as a personal manager....she liked meeting people
A. In spite of B. Because C. Although D. Because of
5. .......they thought the exams had been easy, they all failed
A. Although B. Even though C. Though D. All are correct
1. Our meeting started half an hour late.... an earthquake
A. since B. on account C. because of D. for
2. Although the traffic was bad, I managed to arrive on time
A. Despite of the traffic, I managed to arrive on time
B. In spite the traffic, I managed to arrive on time
C. In spite of the traffic, I managed to arrive on time
D. In spite of the traffic, I manage to arrive on time
3. ...his old age, Mr Brown goes jogging every day
A. In spite B. Although C. However D. Despite
4. She applied for the job as a personal manager....she liked meeting people
A. In spite of B. Because C. Although D. Because of
5. .......they thought the exams had been easy, they all failed
A. Although B. Even though C. Though D. All are correct
My mother has just bought a house ______ is full of roses. (whose garden / the garden / the garden of it / the garden whose)
2. They wrote ______ the addresses so that they could get in touch. (down / out / in / on)
3. They climbed onto the wall and they couldn’t get ______. (down / on / in / over)
4. ______he has been absent frequently; he has managed to pass the test. (Because / Because of / But / Though)
5. Mary will take a plane ______ she dislikes flying. (even though / because / and / in spite of)
6. She drank it to keep herself warm ______ she dislikes coffee. (although / because / because of / despite)
7. The children like to put _____ _ nice clothes when they go out. (in / off / into / on)
8. Before you go to bed, please turn ______ all the lights. (off / on / in / over
like