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Câu 7:
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{10}.100\%=56\%\\\%m_{CuO}=44\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{10-0,1.56}{80}=0,055\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}+n_{CuO}=0,155\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,155.98}{100}.100\%=15,19\%\)
d, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,055\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeSO_4}=0,1.152=15,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,055.160=8,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 8:
a, \(CuCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuCO_3}=\dfrac{0,15.124}{20}.100\%=93\%\\\%m_{CuCl_2}=7\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{6,48}{27}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,6}{160}=0,11\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + Fe2O3 --to--> Al2O3 + 2Fe
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,24}{2}>\dfrac{0,11}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo Fe2O3
Gọi số mol Fe2O3 pư là a (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + Fe2O3 --to--> Al2O3 + 2Fe
2a<-----a
=> nAl(sau pư) = 0,24 - 2a (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KOH + 2Al + 2H2O --> 2KAlO2 + 3H2
0,04<---------------------0,06
=> 0,24 - 2a = 0,04
=> a = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(H\%=\dfrac{0,1}{0,11}.100\%=90,9\%\)
=> B
nSO3=8/80=0,1(mol)
pthh: SO3 + H2O -> H2SO4
nH2SO4=nSO3=0,1(mol) => mH2SO4(tạo sau)= 0,1.98=9,8(g)
mH2SO4(tổng)= 100.9,8% + 9,8=19,6(g)
mddH2SO4(sau)=8+100=108(g)
=>C%ddH2SO4(sau)= (19,6/108).100=18,148%
nC2H4 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: C2H4 + Br2 -> C2H4Br2
Mol: 0,1 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,1
mBr2 = 0,1 . 160 = 16 (g)
mddBr2 = 16/20% = 80 (g)
mC2H4Br2 = 0,1 . 188 = 18,8 (g)
Bài 1:
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{120.18,25}{100.36,5}=0,6mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=\frac{1}{6}n_{HCl}=0,1mol\)
\(\rightarrow m=m_{Fe_2O_3}=16g\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\frac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=0,2mol\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_3}=\frac{0,2.162,5}{16+120}.100\%=23,9\%\)
Bài 2:
\(nMg=\frac{4,8}{24}=0,2mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(mH_2SO_4=0,2.98=19,6g\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=19,6.\frac{100}{9,8}=200g\)
\(m_{H_2}=0,2.2=0,4g\)
\(m_{dd}\) sau phản ứng \(=mMg+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=4,8+200-0,4=204,4g\)
\(m_{MgSO_4}=0,2.120=24g\)
\(C\%MgSO_4=\left(\frac{24}{204,4}\right).100=11,74\%\)
Bài 3:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=0,15mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Al}=\frac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{AlCl_3}=0,3mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Al+2nAl_2O_3}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,3mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1mol\)
\(\rightarrow a=m_{Al+m_{Al_2O_3}}=0,1.\left(27+102\right)=12,9g\)
\(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=0,9mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{HCl}=32,85g\)
\(\rightarrow b=m_{HCldd}=\frac{32,85.100}{7,3}=450g\)
\(m_{dd}=12,9+450-0,15.2=462,6g\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\frac{40,05}{462,6}.100\%=8,66\%\)