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a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\frac{x}{x-1}}-\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{x}}=\frac{2\left(x-1\right)}{x}+3\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{x}}=a>0\)
\(\frac{2}{a}-a=2a^2+3\Leftrightarrow2a^3+a^2+3a-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{x}}=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow4\left(x-1\right)=x\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{\frac{2x}{x-1}}+4\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{2x}}=\frac{3\left(x-1\right)}{2x}+10\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{2x}}=a>0\)
\(\frac{3}{a}+4a=3a^2+10\Leftrightarrow3a^3-4a^2+10a-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-1\right)\left(a^2-a+3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{2x}}=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=2x\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x}{3-2x}}+5\sqrt{\frac{3-2x}{x}}=\frac{4\left(3-2x\right)}{x}+5\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{3-2x}{x}}=a>0\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+5a=4a^2+5\Leftrightarrow4a^3-5a^2+5a-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4a-1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3-2x}{x}}=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow16\left(3-2x\right)=x\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{x}}=a>0\)
\(a^2-2a=3\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\left(l\right)\\a=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{x}}=3\Leftrightarrow x-1=9x\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)=2\left(x+\frac{1}{4x}\right)-7\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2=x+\frac{1}{4x}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{4x}=a^2-1\)
Pt trở thành:
\(3a=2\left(a^2-1\right)-7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-3a-9=9\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-6\sqrt{x}+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\frac{3+\sqrt{7}}{2}\Rightarrow x=\frac{8+3\sqrt{7}}{2}\)
b/ ĐKXĐ:
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)=2\left(x+\frac{1}{4x}\right)+4\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=a>0\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{4x}=a^2-1\)
\(\Rightarrow5a=2\left(a^2-1\right)+4\Leftrightarrow2a^2-5a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=2\\\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-4\sqrt{x}+1=0\\2x-\sqrt{x}+1=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}-2\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-8x+5\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-8x+5=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1-\frac{15}{6}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+1}-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+\frac{15}{6}\sqrt{x}}+\frac{x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1}{\sqrt{x^2-4x+1}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+\frac{15}{6}\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-4x+1}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\frac{17}{4}x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-17x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{7x+4}{\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2x+1}}{\sqrt{2\left(x+1\right)}}=3+\frac{3\sqrt{2x+1}}{\sqrt{x-1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x+4+2\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}=3\sqrt{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}+3\sqrt{2\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(7x+4+\sqrt{8x^2-4x-4}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{18x^2-18}+\sqrt{36^2+54x+18}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(7x+4\right)^2+8x^2-4x-4+2\left(7x+4\right)\sqrt{8x^2-4x-4}\)\(=18x^2-18+36x^2+54x+18+2\sqrt{\left(18x^2-18\right)\left(36x^2+54x+18\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x+12+4\left(7x+4\right)\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=36\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x+12=4\left(2x+5\right)\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^2-2x+12\right)^2=16\left(2x+5\right)^2\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow119x^4+588x^3+1940x^2-672x-544=0\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy x>1 => Vế trái (1) \(>119.1^4+588.1^3+1940.1^2-672.1-544=1431>0\)
=> pt vô nghiệm.
\(\frac{2x-5}{!x-3!}+1>0\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x-5+!x-3!}{!x-3}>0\)
do !x-3!>0 mọi x khác 3=> Bất phương trình tương đương
\(2x-5+!x-3!>0\Leftrightarrow!x-3!>5-2x\)
TH(1) x<3 <=>3-x>5-2x=> x>2
Kết luận(1) \(2< x< 3\)
TH(2) \(x\ge3\Leftrightarrow x-3>5-2x\Rightarrow3x>8\Rightarrow x>\frac{8}{3}\)
Kết luận(2) \(x\ge3\)
(1)và(2) nghiệm của Bpt là: x>2
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-5x-6\right)+\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}-3=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}=a\ge0\)
\(2a^2+a-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x-7=0\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow5\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}-2\left(3x^2-4x-2\right)+3=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}=a\ge0\)
\(-2a^2+5a+3=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{1}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}=3\Leftrightarrow3x^2-4x-11=0\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-6+\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=a>0\Rightarrow x^2+2x=\frac{a^2-3}{2}\)
\(\frac{a^2-3}{2}-6+a=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-15=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=3\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4x-6=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{3x-1}{x}}=a>0\)
\(2a=\frac{1}{a^2}+1\Leftrightarrow2a^3-a^2-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2a^2+a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3x-1}{x}}=1\Leftrightarrow3x-1=x\)
e/ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=\frac{x}{6x-1}+1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=a>0\)
\(2a=\frac{1}{a^2}+1\Leftrightarrow2a^3-a^2-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2a^2+a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=1\Rightarrow6x-1=x\)
f/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{x}{2x-1}}=a>0\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+1+a=3a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3-a^2-a-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(3a^2+2a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x}{2x-1}}=1\Rightarrow x=2x-1\)
Điều kiện \(x^2-2x\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x\ge2\\x\le0\end{array}\right.\) khi đó :
Bất phương trình \(\Leftrightarrow3^{\sqrt{x^2-2x}}\ge\left(3\right)^{\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}-x}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x}\ge\left|x-1\right|-x\)
- Khi \(x\ge2\Rightarrow x-1>0\) nên bất phương trình \(\sqrt{x^2-2x}\ge-1\) đúng với mọi \(x\ge2\)
- Khi \(x\le0\Rightarrow x-1< 0\) nên bất phương trình \(\sqrt{x^2-2x}\ge1-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x^2-2x\ge1-4x+4x^2\\x\le0\end{cases}\) vô nghiệm
Vậy tập nghiệm của bất phương trình là : S = [2;\(+\infty\) )
a) \(\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}+\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}=x\left(ĐK:x\ge1\right)\)
Đặt: \(\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}=a\left(a\ge0\right);\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{x}}=b\left(b\ge0\right)\)
Ta có: \(a+b=x\Rightarrow b=x-a\)
Lại có: \(a^2-b^2=x-\frac{1}{x}-1+\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)x=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b=\frac{x-1}{x}=1-\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-x+a=1-\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a=1+x-\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=1+a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
Với \(a=1\) , ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{1}{x}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-1=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x-\frac{1}{2}=\frac{-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\cdot\left(tm\right)\\x=\frac{-\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{array}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\) là nghiệm của pt đã cho
b) \(7\sqrt{x^3-1}=2x^2+5x-1\left(ĐK:x\ge1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}=2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)\)
Đặt: \(\sqrt{x-1}=a\left(a\ge0\right);\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=b\left(b\ge0\right)\)
Khi đó ta có: \(7ab=2b^2+3a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a^2-6ab\right)-\left(ab-2b^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a\left(a-2b\right)-b\left(a-2b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)\left(3a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}a-2b=0\\3a-b=0\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}a=2b\\3a=b\end{array}\right.\)
Với: \(a=2b\), ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}=2\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=4\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+4=x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+3x+5=0\) (vô nghiệm)
Với: \(3a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=x^2+x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x-9=x^2+x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x-4=\sqrt{6}\\x-4=-\sqrt{6}\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=4+\sqrt{6}\left(tm\right)\\x=4-\sqrt{6}\left(ktm\right)\end{array}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=4+\sqrt{6}\) là nghiệm của pt đã cho
cái phần a dòng đầu ghi đề nhầm phải là \(\sqrt{x-\frac{1}{x}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{x}}=x\left(ĐK:x\ge1\right)\)