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a) \(\sin x = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\;\; \Leftrightarrow \sin x = \sin \frac{\pi }{4}\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \;\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \pi - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)} \right.\;\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}\sin 3x = - \sin 5x\;\;\;\\\; \Leftrightarrow \,\,\,\sin 3x + \sin 5x = 0\;\;\;\;\;\;\\ \Leftrightarrow \,\,\,2\sin 4x\cos x = 0\;\end{array}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\sin 4x = 0}\\{\cos x = 0}\end{array}\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\sin 4x = \sin 0}\\{\cos x = \cos \frac{\pi }{2}}\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{4x = k\pi }\\{x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k\pi }\end{array}\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)} \right.} \right.\)
(sinx + sin5x) + (sin2x + sin4x) + 4sin3x = 0
⇔ 2sin3x . cos2x + 2sin3x . cosx + 4sin3x = 0
⇔ 2sin3x (cos2x + cosx + 2sin3x) = 0
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin3x=0\left(1\right)\\cos2x+cosx+2sin3x=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
(1) ⇔ ...
(2) ⇔ \(2cos\dfrac{3x}{2}.cos\dfrac{x}{2}+4sin\dfrac{3x}{2}.cos\dfrac{3x}{2}=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}cos\dfrac{3x}{2}=0\left(\alpha\right)\\cos\dfrac{x}{2}+2sin\dfrac{3x}{2}=0\left(\beta\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải \(\left(\alpha\right)\) quá đơn giản
Giải \(\left(\beta\right)\)
\(2\left(3sin\dfrac{x}{2}-4sin^3\dfrac{x}{x}\right)+cos\dfrac{x}{2}=0\)
⇔ \(-8sin^3\dfrac{x}{2}+6sin\dfrac{x}{2}\left(sin^2\dfrac{x}{2}+cos^2\dfrac{x}{2}\right)+cos\dfrac{x}{2}.\left(sin^2\dfrac{x}{2}+cos^2\dfrac{x}{2}\right)=0\)
⇔ \(-2sin^3\dfrac{x}{2}+6sin\dfrac{x}{2}.cos^2\dfrac{x}{2}+sin^2\dfrac{x}{2}.cos\dfrac{x}{2}+cos^3\dfrac{x}{2}=0\)
Xét \(x=k2\pi,k\in Z\) tức \(sin\dfrac{x}{2}=0\) có thỏa mãn phương trình không, nếu có kết luận về nghiệm
Dù trường hợp trên có thỏa mãn hay không thì tiếp tục xét trường hợp nữa là \(x\ne k2\pi,k\in Z\) tức \(sin\dfrac{x}{2}\ne0\). Rồi chia cả 2 vế phương trình lằng nhằng kia cho \(sin\dfrac{x}{2}\) và đưa về phương trình bậc 3 theo cot\(\dfrac{x}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(1-sinx.cosx\right)+1=3sinx.cosx\)
Đặt \(sinx+cosx=t\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(t^2=1+2sinx.cosx\Rightarrow sinx.cosx=\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(t\left(1-\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}\right)+1=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(t^2-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^3+3t^2-3t-5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t^2+2t-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\\t=-1-\sqrt{6}\left(loại\right)\\t=-1+\sqrt{6}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\\x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}=\dfrac{5\pi}{4}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
a) \(2\cos x = - \sqrt 2 \Leftrightarrow \cos x = - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos x = \cos \frac{\pi }{4} \Leftrightarrow \;\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \pi - \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{4} + k2\pi }\\{x = \frac{{3\pi }}{4} + k2\pi }\end{array}\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)} \right.\)
b) \(\cos 3x - \sin 5x = 0\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos 3x = \sin 5x\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \cos 3x = \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - 5x} \right)\;\;\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x = \frac{\pi }{2} - 5x + k2\pi }\\{3x = - \frac{\pi }{2} + 5x + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\;\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{8x = \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi }\\{ - 2x = - \frac{\pi }{2} + k2\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\; \Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{\pi }{{16}} + \frac{{k\pi }}{4}}\\{x = \frac{\pi }{4} - k\pi }\end{array}} \right.\;\;\left( {k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right)\)
c.
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+12^0\right)+cos\left(90^0-78^0+x\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos\left(x+12^0\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+12^0\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+12^0=60^0+k360^0\\x+12^0=-60^0+k360^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=48^0+k360^0\\x=-72^0+k360^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
2.
Do \(-1\le sin\left(3x-27^0\right)\le1\) nên pt có nghiệm khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2m^2+m\ge-1\\2m^2+m\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2m^2+m+1\ge0\left(luôn-đúng\right)\\2m^2+m-1\le0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le m\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a.
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+15^0=arccos\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)+k360^0\\x+15^0=-arccos\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)+k360^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-15^0+arccos\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)+k360^0\\x=-15^0-arccos\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)+k360^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(2x-10^0=arccot\left(4\right)+k180^0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=5^0+\dfrac{1}{2}arccot\left(4\right)+k90^0\)
\(sin^3x+cos^3x-sinx-cosx=cos2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(sin^2x-sinx.cosx+cos^2x\right)-\left(sinx+cosx\right)-\left(cos^2x-sin^2x\right)\)\(=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(1-sinx.cosx\right)-\left(sinx+cosx\right)-\left(cosx+sinx\right)\left(cosx-sinx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx+cosx\right)\left(sinx-cosx-sinx.cosx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx+cosx=0\left(1\right)\\sinx-cosx-sinx.cosx=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: (1)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}.sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)
TH2: Đặt \(t=sinx-cosx\) ;\(t\in\left(-2;2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=-sinx.cosx\)
Pt (2)\(\Rightarrow t+\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-1=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1+\sqrt{2}\left(tm\right)\\t=-1-\sqrt{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow sinx-cosx=-1+\sqrt{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=-\sqrt{2}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+arc.cos\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{2}+k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{-\pi}{4}-arc.cos\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{2}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)(\(k\in\)\(Z\))
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