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1)Điều kiện: \(x + y > 0\)\((1) \Leftrightarrow (x + y)^2 - 2xy + \dfrac{2xy}{x + y} - 1 = 0 \\ \Leftrightarrow (x + y)^3 - 2xy(x + y) + 2xy -(x + y) = 0 \\ \Leftrightarrow (x+y)[(x+y)^2- 1]-2xy(x+y-1)=0 \\ \Leftrightarrow (x+y)(x+y+1)(x+y-1)-2xy(x+y-1)=0 \\ \Leftrightarrow (x + y - 1)[(x+y)(x + y + 1)-2xy] = 0 \\ \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{matrix}x + y = 1 \,\, (3) \\ x^2+y^2+x+y=0 \,\, (4) \end{matrix} \right.\)(4) vô nghiệm vì x + y > 0
Thế (3) vào (2) , giải được nghiệm của hệ :\((x =1 ; y = 0)\)và \((x = -2 ; y = 3)\)
\((1)\Leftrightarrow (x-2y)+(2x^3-4x^2y)+(xy^2-2y^3)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow (x-2y)(1+2x^2+y^2)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)(vì \(1+2x^2+y^2>0, \forall x,y\))
Thay vào phương trình (2) giải dễ dàng.
ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(x+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right).y}=2y-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)y}-2y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{y}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{y}\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{y}=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (2) ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Thử lại ta có (x;y) = (-1;0) là 1 nghiệm của hệ phương trình
Từ (1) ta có : x + 1 = y
Khi đó \(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{y}=x^2-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=x^2-x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)=x^2-x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-6}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=x+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với x = 3 => y = 4 (tm)
Với \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=x+2\)
Vì \(x\ge-1\) nên \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
nên \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
lại có \(VP\ge1\) khi x \(\ge-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = -1 => y = 0 (tm)
Vậy (x;y) = (-1;0) ; (3;4)
đk: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\y\ge0\\x^2>y\end{matrix}\right.\)
pt đầu \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)y}=2y-x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)y=4y^2+x^2+1+2x-4xy-4y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4y^2-5xy+2x-5y+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-4y\right)+\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-4y\right)+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x-4y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x+1\\x=4y-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(y=x+1\) thay vào pt thứ hai, ta được
\(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=x^2-x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)=x^2-x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-6}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1.1: \(x=3\Rightarrow y=x+1=4\) (nhận)
TH1.2:\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2=0\) (chỗ này mai mình nghĩ tiếp)
TH2: \(x=4y-1\). Thay vào pt thứ hai, ta được
\(\sqrt{8y+1}+\sqrt{y}=16y^2-9y+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{8y+1}-1\right)+\sqrt{y}=16y^2-9y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8y}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y}}-16y^2+9y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2.1: \(y=0\) \(\Rightarrow x=4y-1=-1\) (nhận)
TH2.2: \(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9=0\)
(đoạn này để mai mình nghĩ tiếp nhé, ta tìm được các nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;0\right);\left(3;4\right)\))
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y\ge1\\x+2y\ge2\\x+4y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(2x+y-1\right)-\left(x+2y-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x+y-1}+\sqrt{x+2y-2}}+\left(x-y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-y+1}{\sqrt{2x+y-1}+\sqrt{x+2y-2}}+\left(x-y+1\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x+y-1}+\sqrt{x+2y-2}}+1\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow x-y+1=0\)
Thế vào pt 2 => x;y
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+y-1}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+2y-2}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=x-y+1\)
Phương trình thứ nhất trở thành:
\(a-b+a^2-b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(1+a+b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+y-1}=\sqrt{x+2y-2}\Rightarrow y=x+1\)
Thay xuống pt dưới:
\(4x^2-\left(x+1\right)^2+x+4-\sqrt{3x+1}-\sqrt{5x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-x+3-\sqrt{3x+1}-\sqrt{5x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3x+x+1-\sqrt{3x+1}+x+2-\sqrt{5x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-1\right)+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(3x+1\right)}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{\left(x+2\right)^2-\left(5x+4\right)}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-1\right)+\frac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\left(3+\frac{1}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{1}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}\right)=0\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(1\le x\le7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{7-x}-\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(7-x\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{7-x}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{7-x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{7-x}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=7-x\\x-1=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b. ĐKXĐ: ...
Biến đổi pt đầu:
\(x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)^2=\sqrt{y-1}-\sqrt{x}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2-b^4=b-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2\left(a+b\right)+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y-1}\Rightarrow y=x+1\)
Thế vào pt dưới:
\(3\sqrt{5-x}+3\sqrt{5x-4}=2x+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-\sqrt{5x-4}\right)+7-x-3\sqrt{5-x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{x^2-5x+4}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{1}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+y}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x-y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\\sqrt{\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}}+ab=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\\sqrt{\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}}=4-ab\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}=a^2b^2-8ab+16\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\a^4+b^4-2a^2b^2=16\left(2-ab\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2=16\left(2-ab\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\4\left(a+b\right)^2=16\left(2-ab\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=2\\\left(a+b\right)^2=8-4ab\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=a-2\\\left(2a-2\right)^2=8-4a\left(a-2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4a^2-8a+4=8-4a^2+8a\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2-4a-1=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{2+\sqrt{6}}{2}\\a=\frac{2-\sqrt{6}}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b=\frac{\sqrt{6}-2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+y}=\frac{2+\sqrt{6}}{2}\\\sqrt{x-y}=\frac{\sqrt{6}-2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{2}\\x-y=\frac{5-2\sqrt{6}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{5}{2}\\y=\sqrt{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)