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a) \(ĐK:y-2x+1\ge0;4x+y+5\ge0;x+2y-2\ge0,x\le1\)
Th1: \(\hept{\begin{cases}y-2x+1=0\\3-3x=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\-1=\sqrt{10}-1\end{cases}}\)(không thỏa mãn)
Th2: \(x,y\ne1\)
\(2x^2-y^2+xy-5x+y+2=\sqrt{y-2x+1}-\sqrt{3-3x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-2\right)\left(2x-y-1\right)=\frac{x+y-2}{\sqrt{y-2x+1}+\sqrt{3-3x}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-2\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2x+1}+\sqrt{3-3x}}+y-2x+1\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2x+1}+\sqrt{3-3x}}+y-2x+1>0\)nên x + y - 2 = 0
Thay y = 2 - x vào phương trình \(x^2-y-1=\sqrt{4x+y+5}-\sqrt{x+2y-2}\), ta được: \(x^2+x-3=\sqrt{3x+7}-\sqrt{2-x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-2=\sqrt{3x+7}-1+2-\sqrt{2-x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)=\frac{3\left(x+2\right)}{\sqrt{3x+7}+1}+\frac{x+2}{2+\sqrt{2-x}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+7}+1}+\frac{1}{2+\sqrt{2-x}}+1-x\right)=0\)
Vì \(x\le1\)nên\(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+7}+1}+\frac{1}{2+\sqrt{2-x}}+1-x>0\)suy ra x = -2 nên y = 4
Vậy nghiệm của hệ phương trình là (x;y) = (-2;4)
b) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2=5\\x^3+2y^3=10x-10y\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=10\left(1\right)\\x^3+2y^3=10\left(x-y\right)\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Thay (1) vào (2), ta được: \(x^3+2y^3=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x-y\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(2y-x\right)\left(x^2+2y^2\right)=0\)
* Th1: \(x^2+2y^2=0\)(*)
Mà \(x^2\ge0\forall x;2y^2\ge0\forall y\Rightarrow x^2+2y^2\ge0\)nên (*) xảy ra khi x = y = 0 nhưng cặp nghiệm này không thỏa mãn hệ
* Th2: 2y - x = 0 suy ra x = 2y thay vào (1), ta được: \(y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm1\Rightarrow x=\pm2\)
Vậy hệ có 2 nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;1\right);\left(-2;-1\right)\right\}\)
Hệ đã cho tương đương với
\(\hept{\begin{cases}8x^3+12x^2y=20\\y^3+6xy^2=7\end{cases}\Rightarrow}8x^3+12x^2y+6xy^2+y^3=27.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x\right)^3+3.\left(2x\right)^2.y+3.2x.y+y^3=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^3=27\Leftrightarrow2x+y=3\Leftrightarrow y=3-2x\)(*)
Thế (*) vào phương trình đầu của hệ đã cho
\(2x^3+3x^2\left(3-2x\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x^3+9x^2-5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x^3+4x^2+5x^2-5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(-4x^2+5x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\-4x^2+5x+5=0\end{cases}}\)
Với \(x=1\Rightarrow y=3.1-2=1\)
Với \(-4x^2+5x+5=0\)
\(\Delta=25-4.\left(-4\right).5=105\)
\(x_1=\frac{-5+\sqrt{105}}{-8}=\frac{5-\sqrt{108}}{8}\Rightarrow y_1=\frac{7+\sqrt{105}}{4}\)
\(x_2=\frac{-5-\sqrt{105}}{-8}=\frac{5+\sqrt{105}}{8}\Rightarrow y_2=\frac{7-\sqrt{105}}{4}\)
Vậy hệ có 3 cặp nghiệm...
\(\hept{\begin{cases}2x^3+3x^2y=5\\y^3+6xy^2=7\end{cases}\left(ĐK:x>0;y>0\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{y}=\frac{5}{y+42x}\left(1\right)\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{y}}=3\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Lấy (1) nhân với (2) ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{2}{y}=\frac{15}{4+42x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-2x\right)\left(y+42x\right)=15xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2-84x^2+25xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-3x\right)\left(y+28x\right)=0\)
<=> y=3x (do y+28x>0)
Thay vào (2) ta được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{27}\\y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{9}\end{cases}}\)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{7}{2x+y}+\dfrac{4}{2x-y}=74\\\dfrac{3}{2x+y}+\dfrac{2}{2x-y}=32\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{21}{2x+y}+\dfrac{12}{2x-y}=222\\\dfrac{21}{2x+y}+\dfrac{14}{2x-y}=224\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{2x-y}=2\\\dfrac{7}{2x+y}+\dfrac{4}{2x-y}=74\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=\dfrac{1}{10}\\2x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2y=\dfrac{9}{10}\\2x+y=\dfrac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{9}{20}\\x=\dfrac{11}{40}\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-1\\2x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-4y=-2\\2x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-1\\3y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11}{3}\\y=\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
11) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-6=0\\2y-x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=6\\y=\dfrac{x+4}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
12) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\x+7y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\2x+14y=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\13y=13\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
13) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=2\\\dfrac{4}{x}-\dfrac{5}{y}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{12}{x}-\dfrac{16}{y}=8\\\dfrac{12}{x}-\dfrac{15}{y}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=2\\\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\\y=1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
14) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{15}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{8}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{15}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{7}{y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=28\left(tm\right)\\y=21\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
15) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{y-1}=1\\\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1,y\ge1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}=3\\\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{y-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\y-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\left(tm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\int^{3x-2y=6}_{3x-2y=-2}\)=> pt vô nghiệm
1.Để đường thẳng \(y=\left(m-1\right)x+3\) song song với đường thẳng \(y=2x+1\)
thì \(m-1=2\Rightarrow m=3\)
2. a. Với \(m=-2\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}-2x-2y=3\\3x-2y=4\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{5}\\y=-\frac{17}{10}\end{cases}}\)
b. Với \(m=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-2y=3\\3x=4\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=-\frac{3}{2}\\x=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}\left(l\right)}}\)
Với \(m\ne0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m^2x-2my=3m\\6x+2my=8\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(m^2+6\right)x=3m+8}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{3m+8}{m^2+6}\)\(\Rightarrow y=\frac{mx-3}{2}=\frac{m\left(3m+8\right)-3\left(m^2+6\right)}{2\left(m^2+6\right)}=\frac{4m-9}{m^2+6}\)
Để \(x+y=5\Rightarrow\frac{3m+8}{m^2+6}+\frac{4m-9}{m^2+6}=5\Rightarrow7m-1=5m^2+30\)
\(\Rightarrow-5m^2+7m-31=0\)
Ta thấy phương trình vô nghiệm nên không tồn tại m để \(x+y=5\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=5\\2x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=5\\4x+2y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\2x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=5\\2x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=5\\-4x-2y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
cộng từng vế của hệ pt ta có:
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=1\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\2x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\2\left(-1\right)+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\-2+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy hệ pt có nghiệm \(\text{x=-1 }\)và \(y=4\)