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1) đkxđ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét biểu thức \(P=x^3+y^3+7xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P=\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P\ge4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(4\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge8xy\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\) (*)
Thật vậy, (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^4\ge8xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+6x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) (**)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si, ta được:
VT(**) \(=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+4x^2y^2\ge4xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)\(=\) VP(**)
Vậy (**) đúng \(\Rightarrowđpcm\). Do đó, để đẳng thức xảy ra thì \(x=y\).
Thế vào pt đầu tiên, ta được \(\sqrt{2x-3}-\sqrt{x}=2x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Rõ ràng với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-3}+\sqrt{x}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{2.3}{2}-3}+\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}}< 2\) nên ta chỉ xét TH \(x=3\Rightarrow y=3\) (nhận)
Vậy hệ pt đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(3;3\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+2}{y-1}=\dfrac{x-4}{y+2}\\\dfrac{2x+3}{y-1}=\dfrac{4x+1}{2y+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+2\right)\left(y+2\right)=\left(y-1\right)\left(x-\text{4}\right)\\\left(2x+3\right)\left(2y+1\right)=\left(y-1\right)\left(4x+1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy+2x+2y+4=xy-4y-x+4\\4xy+2x+6y+3=4xy-4x+y-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+6y=0\\6x+5y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{8}{7}\\y=\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)(TM)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left(x-y\right)-3\left(2x+3y\right)=12\\3\left(x+2y\right)-4\left(x+2y\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-5y-6x-9y=12\\3x+6y-4x-8y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x-14y=12\\-x-2y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{26}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{7}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy HPT có nghiệm (x;y) = (\(-\dfrac{26}{3};-\dfrac{7}{12}\))
ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+2}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) thì pt đầu trở thành:
\(a\left(a^2-b^2+1\right)=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{y}\Rightarrow y=x+2\)
Thay xuống pt dưới:
\(x^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(x+3\right)=x+16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+5x-7=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\Rightarrow y=3\\x=-\dfrac{2}{7}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\5\sqrt{x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\\sqrt{x-2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\y\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{10}{y+4}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{19x}{x+1}=28\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{28}{19}\\\dfrac{1}{y+4}=-\dfrac{4}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=28x+28\\4y+16=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{9}\\y=-\dfrac{35}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)