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a.
\(sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{8}+k\pi\) (1)
\(-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\le x\le\dfrac{7\pi}{3}\Rightarrow-\dfrac{\pi}{3}\le-\dfrac{\pi}{8}+k\pi\le\dfrac{7\pi}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{5}{24}\le k\le\dfrac{59}{24}\Rightarrow k=\left\{0;1;2\right\}\)
Thế vào (1) \(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-\dfrac{\pi}{8};\dfrac{7\pi}{8};\dfrac{15\pi}{8}\right\}\)
1.
\(u_{n+1}=4u_n+3.4^n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(n+1\right).4^{n+1}=4\left[u_n-\dfrac{3}{4}n.4^n\right]\)
Đặt \(u_n-\dfrac{3}{4}n.4^n=v_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=2-\dfrac{3}{4}.4=-1\\v_{n+1}=4v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_n=-1.4^{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{3}{4}n.4^n-4^{n-1}=\left(3n-1\right)4^{n-1}\)
2.
\(a_n=\dfrac{a_{n-1}}{2n.a_{n-1}+1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a_n}=2n+\dfrac{1}{a_{n-1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a_n}-n^2-n=\dfrac{1}{a_{n-1}}-\left(n-1\right)^2-\left(n-1\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a_n}-n^2-n=b_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=2-1-1=0\\b_n=b_{n-1}=...=b_1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a_n}=n^2+n\Rightarrow a_n=\dfrac{1}{n^2+n}\)
Gọi H là trung điểm AB, có lẽ từ 2 câu trên ta đã phải chứng minh được \(SH\perp\left(ABCD\right)\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}DM\cap\left(SAC\right)=S\\MS=\dfrac{1}{2}DS\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow d\left(M;\left(SAC\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}d\left(D;\left(SAC\right)\right)\)
Gọi E là giao điểm AC và DH
Talet: \(\dfrac{HE}{DE}=\dfrac{AH}{DC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow HE=\dfrac{1}{2}DE\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}DH\cap\left(SAC\right)=E\\HE=\dfrac{1}{2}DE\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow D\left(H;\left(SAC\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}d\left(D;\left(SAC\right)\right)=d\left(M;\left(SAC\right)\right)\)
Từ H kẻ HF vuông góc AC (F thuộc AC), từ H kẻ \(HK\perp SF\)
\(\Rightarrow HK\perp\left(SAC\right)\Rightarrow HK=d\left(H;\left(SAC\right)\right)\)
ABCD là hình vuông \(\Rightarrow\widehat{HAF}=45^0\Rightarrow HF=AH.sin45^0=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{4}\)
\(SH=\dfrac{a\sqrt{3}}{2}\), hệ thức lượng:
\(HK=\dfrac{SH.HF}{\sqrt{SH^2+HF^2}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{21}}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow d\left(M;\left(SAC\right)\right)=\dfrac{a\sqrt{21}}{14}\)
c.
\(\Leftrightarrow sin4x=sin\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x=3x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\4x=\dfrac{3\pi}{2}-3x+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{3\pi}{14}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d.
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x+30^0\right)=sin\left(30^0+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+30^0=30^0+x+k360^0\\2x+30^0=150^0-x+k360^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k360^0\\x=40^0+k120^0\end{matrix}\right.\)
e.
\(\Leftrightarrow cos3x=-sinx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos3x=cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}+x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+x+k2\pi\\3x=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}-x+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{8}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
f.
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\left(sin2x+cos5x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\left(sin2x-sin\left(5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=0\\sin\left(5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=sin2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=k\pi\\5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}=2x+k2\pi\\5x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}=\pi-2x+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{8}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\\x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\\x=\dfrac{3\pi}{14}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
Công thức góc cơ bản: \(cos\left(a+k\pi\right)=\pm cosa\) ; \(sin\left(a+k2\pi\right)=sina\) ; \(cos\left(a+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=-sina\)
Do đó pt tương đương:
\(2cosx+\dfrac{1}{3}cos^2x=\dfrac{8}{3}+sin2x-3sinx+\dfrac{1}{3}sin^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6cosx+1-sin^2x=8+3sin2x-9sinx+sin^2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2sin^2x-9sinx+7+6sinx.cosx-6cosx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx-1\right)\left(2sinx-7\right)+6cosx\left(sinx-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx-1\right)\left(2sinx+6cosx-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx=1\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\\2sinx+6cosx=7\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1), ta có \(2^2+6^2=40< 7^2\) nên (1) vô nghiệm
Vậy họ nghiệm của pt là \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\)
b.
Ta có:
\(tan^2x\left(1-sin^3x\right)+cos^3x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(1-cos^2x\right)\left(1-sin^3x\right)}{\left(1-sin^2x\right)}-\left(1-cos^3x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(1-cosx\right)\left(1+cosx\right)\left(1+sinx+sin^2x\right)}{1+sinx}-\left(1-cosx\right)\left(1+cosx+cos^2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=1\Rightarrow x=k2\pi\\\dfrac{\left(1+cosx\right)\left(1+sinx+sin^2x\right)}{1+sinx}=1+cosx+cos^2x\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow\left(1+cosx\right)\left(1+sinx+sin^2x\right)=\left(1+sinx\right)\left(1+cosx+cos^2x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin^2x+sin^2x.cosx=cos^2x+cos^2x.sinx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sinx-cosx\right)\left(sinx+cosx\right)+sinx.cosx\left(sinx-cosx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx-cosx=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\\sinx+cosx+sinx.cosx=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (2), đặt \(sinx+cosx=t\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(sinx.cosx=\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}\)
Pt (2) trở thành:
\(t+\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-1=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1+\sqrt{2}\\t=-1-\sqrt{2}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow...\)