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Cell phones have been popular in Japan since the early 1990s, but it was not until 1999 that their use really took off. The age of cell phones has emerged, but with it come problems.
Cell phones are used on buses and trains, in restaurants, and in all areas of life. They causeproblems when they ring during meetings, concerts, wedding, or even funerals. What’s more, people speak loudly in public, and students read and text messages during lessons. More seriously, when a cell phone is used near a person using a pacemaker to regulate his hearbeat, its radio waves may interfere with the functioning of the pacemaker.
Now, something is being done to solve these problems. In many places, new technology is being used to block cell phone calls. Airline passengers are requested to stop using cell phones while on board. Concert halls ask their audience to switch their phones to the silent mode. However, phone users fear that if they do not answer their phones, they will lose valuable business opportunities. That’s why many do not turn off their phones even when they are asked to.
Fill in each gap with one suitable word:
cell phones have been popular in Japan since the early 1990s, but it was not(1) until 1999 that their use really took off. The age of cell phones has emerged, but with it come problems. Cell phones are used on buses and trains, in restaurants, and in all(2) areas of life. They cause problems when they(3) ring during meeting, concerts, wedding, or event funerals. What's more, people speak loudly in pubic, and students read and text messages during lessons. More seriously, when a cell phone is used near a person using a(4) pacemarket to regulate his hearbeat, its radio waves may(5) interfere with the functioning of the pacemaker, Now, something is being done to(6) solve these problems.In many places, new technology is being used to block phone calls.Airline(7) passengers are requested to stop using cell phones while on board. Concerts halls ask their audience to switch their phone to the(8) silent mode. However, phone users fear that if they do not answer their phone, they will(9)lose valuable business opportunities. That's why many do not(10) turn off their phones even when they are asked to.
In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized for their lateness．Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students’ behavior.
The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation：at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively．He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend，the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time，On the other hand．the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes．
In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour．In contrast, in Brazil，neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour．Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States，but also end at the scheduled time．In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12：00；many remained past 12：30 to discuss the class and ask more questions．While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.
The explanation for these differences is complicated. People from Brazilian and North American cultures have different feelings about lateness. In Brazil, the students believe that a person who usually arrives late is probably more successful than a person who is always on time. In fact , Brazilians expect a person with status or prestige to arrive late, while in the United States lateness is usually disrespectful and unacceptable. Consequently, if a Brazilian is late for an appointment with a North American, the American may misinterpret the reason for the lateness and become angry.
As a result of his study, the professor learned that the Brazilian students were not being disrespectful to him. Instead, they were simply behaving in the appropriate way for a Brazilian student in Brazil. Eventually, the professor was able to adapt his own behavior so that he could feel comfortable in the new.
I. Comprehension Questions:
4. In general,what did the Brazilian students think about people who are late?
They think people who are late is probably more successful than people who are always on time.
5. What did the profressor learn from the study?
He learned that the Brazilian students were not being disrespectful to him.
6. How do you think the profressor adapted his behavior in Brazil after the study?
He didn't always arrive come to class on time.
In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized for their lateness．Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students’ behavior.
The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation：at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively．He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend，the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time，On the other hand．the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes．
In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour．In contrast, in Brazil，neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour．Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States，but also end at the scheduled time．In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12：00；many remained past 12：30 to discuss the class and ask more questions．While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.
The explanation for these differences is complicated. People from Brazilian and North American cultures have different feelings about lateness. In Brazil, the students believe that a person who usually arrives late is probably more successful than a person who is always on time. In fact , Brazilians expect a person with status or prestige to arrive late, while in the United States lateness is usually disrespectful and unacceptable. Consequently, if a Brazilian is late for an appointment with a North American, the American may misinterpret the reason for the lateness and become angry.
In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized for their lateness．Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students’ behavior.
The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation：at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively．He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend，the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time，On the other hand．the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes．
In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour．In contrast, in Brazil，neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour．Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States，but also end at the scheduled time．In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12：00；many remained past 12：30 to discuss the class and ask more questions．While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.
The explanation for these differences is complicated. People from Brazilian and North American cultures have different feelings about lateness. In Brazil, the students believe that a person who usually arrives late is probably more successful than a person who is always on time. In fact , Brazilians expect a person with status or prestige to arrive late, while in the United States lateness is usually disrespectful and unacceptable. Consequently, if a Brazilian is late for an appointment with a North American, the American may misinterpret the reason for the lateness and become angry.
As a result of his study, the professor learned that the Brazilian students were not being disrespectful to him. Instead, they were simply behaving in the appropriate way for a Brazilian student in Brazil. Eventually, the professor was able to adapt his own behavior so that he could feel comfortable in the new culture.
A. True/False Statements:
1. On the first day of class, the professor arrived
late. F
2. All the students in the class were on time.F
3. The professor decided to study the behavior
of Brazilian and American students.T
4. In an American university, it is important to be
on time.T
5. In a Brazilian class, the students leave
immediately after the class is finished.F
6. In an American university, many students probably
leave immediately after the class is finished.T
7. Most North Americans think a person who is late
is disrespectful.T
8. In Brazil, most successful people are expected to
be on time.F
9. As a result of the study, the professor changed
the Brazilian students’ behavior.F
A. True/False Statements:
1. On the first day of class, the professor arrived late. False
2. All the students in the class were on time. False
3. The professor decided to study the behaviour of Brazilian and American students. True
4. In an American university, it is important to be on time. True
5. In a Brazilian class, the students leave
immediately after the class is finished. False
6. In an American university, many students probably leave immediately after the class is finished. True
7. Most North Americans think a person who is late is disrespectful. True
8. In Brazil, most successful people are expected to be on time. False
9. As a result of the study, the professor changed the Brazilian students’ behaviour. False
1. What does on time mean? For example, in your country, if class is scheduled for 9 A.M, when do you arrive?
On time means that you don't late, you don't let people wait.
If class is scheduled for 9 A.M, I will arrive at 8.50 A.M
2. Does the meaning of on time differ from culture? What examples can you think of to support your answer?
Yes, it is. For example, in my village, students often go to school very early. But in another place, students often arrive later. So I think there is the difference of meaning on time from culture
3. In your culture, what is late? What is early?
Late is when you don't arrive on time. Early is when you arrive before the expected time
4. In your culture, is it important to be on time?
Yes, it is
5. Are you usually on time? Why or why not?
I usually on time. Because it shows me to be a responsible person
6. If you are meeting someone, at what point do you feel she or he is late? Five minutes, ten minutes or longer?
After ten minutes, I will feel she or he is late
1. He decided to study the students' behavior. He talked to to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation: at a lunch with a friend and in a university class. He gave them an example and asked them how they would react.
2. No, they didn't
No, they don't
3. The American students' defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time and the Brazilian studens' felt the friend was late after 33 minutes．
when drawing human figures, children often make the head too large for the rest of the body. a recent study offers some insights into this common disproportion in children's illustrations. as a part of the study, researchers asked children between 4 and 7 years old to make several drawing of men. when they drew front views of male figures, the size of the heads was marketly enlarged. however, when the children drew rear view of men, the size of the heads was not so exaggerated. the researchers suggested that children drew bigger heads when they know they must leave room for facial details. therefore, the odd head size in children's illustration is a form of planning ahead and not an indication of a poor sense of scale
1. Technology
2. especially