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a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,3}{23}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(CH_4+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
0,075--------->0,075
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
0,1---------------->0,1
b) \(m_{NaOH}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\)
c) Xét \(T=\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,075}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(1< \dfrac{4}{3}< 2\Rightarrow\) Pư tạo 2 muối
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(2NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
2a<---------a<-------a
\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
b<----------b<-------b
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+b=0,1\\a+b=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,025\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(Na_2CO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,025}{0,25}=0,1M\\C_{M\left(NaHCO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,25}=0,2M\end{matrix}\right.\)
nCaO=0,05(mol)
nCO2=0,075(mol)
a) PTHH: Ca + 2 H2O -> Ca(OH)2 + H2
nCa(OH)2=nCa=0,05(mol)
Ta có: 1< nCO2/nCa(OH)2= 0,075/0,05=1,5<2
=> Sp thu được là hỗn hợp 2 muối: CaCO3 và Ca(HCO3)2
PTHH: Ca(OH)2+ CO2 -> CaCO3 + H2O
x____________x________x(mol)
Ca(OH)2 + 2 CO2 -> Ca(HCO3)2
y________2y_______y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,05\\x+2y=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,025\\y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m(kt)=mCaCO3=0,025.100=2,5(g)
b) V(CO2,tối đa)= 1,68(l)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2.688}{22.4}=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.12}{0.1}=1.2\)
=> Tạo 2 muối
\(n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.1\)
\(a+2b=0.12\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.08\\b=0.02\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=0.02\cdot162=3.24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5.04}{22.4}=0.225\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0.25\cdot0.5=0.125\left(mol\right)\)
\(T=\dfrac{0.225}{0.125}=1.8\)
=> Tạo ra 2 muối
\(n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có :
\(a+b=0.125\)
\(a+2b=0.225\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.025\\b=0.1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Muối}=0.025\cdot197+0.1\cdot259=30.825\left(g\right)\)
\(CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(n_{CaO}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{56}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{1,2}{100}=0,012\left(mol\right)\)
TH1: CO2 hết, Ca(OH)2 dư
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -----> CaCO3 + H2O
0,012 -> 0,012 mol
=> VCO2 = 0,012 . 22,4 = 0,27 (l)
TH2: CO2 dư
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -> CaCO3 + H2O
0,06 ..............0,06......0,06
CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O -> Ca(HCO3)2
0,048<--(0,06 - 0,012)
=> nCO2 = 0,06 + 0,048 = 0,108 mol
=> VCO2 = 0,108 . 22,4 = 2,42 (l)
\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)
0,2 0,2
a. \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
0,075 0,075
vì \(\dfrac{0,075}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => dd \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2\) dư sau pứ.
=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,075.100=7,5\left(g\right)\)
b. \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{1}{100}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
Thấy: \(n_{CaCO_3}< n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}\)
Nên ta có 2 trường hợp.
TH 1: \(dd.Ca\left(OH\right)_2.dư\)
Có:
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
0,1 0,1
m muối tạo thành là m kt = 1 (g)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
TH 2: khí \(CO_2\) dư
Có:
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2 0,2
\(CO_2+CaCO_3+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{muối}=m_{CaCO_3}+m_{Ca\left(HCO_3\right)_2}=1+0,1.162=17,2\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{25}{100}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
\(0.25...........0.25...........0.25\)
\(C_{M_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0.25}{0.1}=2.5\left(M\right)\)
\(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.25..............0.25\)
\(V_{CH_4}=0.25\cdot22.4=5.6\left(l\right)\)
a) nCaCO3=0,25(mol)
CH4 + 2 O2 -to-> CO2 + 2 H2O
0,25<------------------0,25(mol)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + H2O
0,25<------0,25-----------0,25(mol)
b) CMddCa(OH)2= 0,25/0,1= 2,5(M)
b) V(CH4,đktc)=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)