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EXERCISE 1:REPLACE THE UNDERLINED CLAUSES BY A INFINDITIVE OR INFINITIVE PHRASE
1.I don't like him playing in the street.I wish we had a garden that he clould play in.=>for him to play in
2.He simply loves parties.he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.=>to come/ to leave
3.the last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
=>to leave the room must turn off the lights
4.the first man who was intervieswed was entirely unsuitable
=>to be interviewed
5.I've got a bottle of wine but I haven't got anything that I could open it with
=>To open it with
EXERCISE 2: USE REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES IN PLACE OF THE RELATIVE CLAUSES
1.we had a river in which we could swim
=>We had a river to swim.
2.Here are some accounts that you must check
=>Here are some accounts for you to check
3.the last student that was interviewed was tom
=>The last student to be interviewed was Tom.
4.we visited hanoi.which is the capital of vietnam
=>We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
5.my father.who is pilot.often goes abroad
=>My father, a pilot, often goes abroad.
6.I was the only one who realized him
=> I was the only one to realize him.
7.I have some homework which I must do tonight
=> I have some homework to do tonight.
8.Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the milky way
=>Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
9.I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel
=>I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the hotel.
10.there are six reports which have to be typed today
=>There are six reports to be typed today.
1. Thank you very much for a present which you sent me.
2. She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp
3. I am looking after some children who are terribly spoilt
4. The bed which I sleep on has no mattress.
5. Romeo and Juliet, whose parents hated each other, were lovers.
6. There wasn`t any directory in the telephone box which I was phoning from.
7. This is Mrs.Jones, whose son won the championship last year
8. I was sitting in a chair which suddenly collapsed
9. Mr.Smith, whom I had some specially to see, said he was too busy to speak to me.
10. The man whom I had some to see was sitting at the desk.
12. His girlfriend, who he trusted absolutely, turned out to be an enemy spy.
14. This is the story of a man whose wife suddenly loses her memory
15. We`ll have to get across the frontier, which will be difficult
16. a man brought in a small girl whose hand had been cut by flying glass
17. The car crashed into a queue of people, four of whom were killed
18. The roads were crowded with refugees, many of whom were wounded
19. The man who I was waiting for didn't turn up
20. Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of the other guests were wearing evening dress
- The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish. The Nile is in Egypt. ->The Nile which is the home of a great variety of fish is in Egypt
- Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium. It has various species of fish.->Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium which has various species of fish.
- The movie Harry Potter is coming soon. I’m longing to see it.->The movie Harry Potter which I’m longing to see is coming soon.
- Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark.It is one of the most dangerous sea creatures.->Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark which is one of the most dangerous sea creatures
- The most beautiful park is opposite my house. It has a lot of big trees.->The most beautiful park which has a lot of big trees is opposite my house.
- The girl was injured in the accident . She is now in hospital.->The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
- A man anwered the phone. He told me you were away.->A man who anwered the phone told me you were away
- A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient->A waitress who served us was very impolite and impatient.
- A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.->A building which was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt
- Some people were arrested . They have now been released.->Some people who were arrested have now been released.
1. The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish. The Nile is in Egypt.
->The Nile, which is in Egypt is the home of a great variety of fish
2. Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium. It has various species of fish.
->Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium which has various species of fish.
3. The movie Harry Potter is coming soon. I’m longing to see it.
->The movie Harry Potter which I’m longing to see is coming soon.
4. Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark.It is one of the most dangerous sea creatures.
->Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark which is one of the most dangerous sea creatures.5. The most beautiful park is opposite my house. It has a lot of big trees.
->The most beautiful park which has a lot of big trees is opposite my house.
6. A man anwered the phone. He told me you were away.
->A man who anwered the phone told me you were away.
7. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.
->A waitress who served us was very impolite and impatient.
8. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
->A building which was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.
9. Some people were arrested . They have now been released.->Some people who were arrested have now been released.
10. . A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.
->A bus which runs every half an hour goes to the airport.
Task 1: Tick (P) the sentences in which relative pronoun can be omitted.
1. £ The girl who we are going to see is from England. P
2. £ He works for a company that makes car.
3. £ What was the name of the man whom you met yesterday? P
4. £ The table that was broken has now been repaired.
5. £ Do you know the girl whom he is talking to? P
6. £ This is the novel which we have been expecting. P
7. £ This is the letter which I received this morning. P
8. £ People who do some exercise usually keep fit.
9. £ Paula won the tennis match which she played yesterday. P
10. £ The girl whom you sat next to at school is now a famous actress. P
Task 2.Reduce relative Clauses(V-ING)
1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
The boy playing the piano is Ben
2. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
Do you know the woman coming toward us?
3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
The fence surrounding our house is made of wood
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
We have an apartment overlooking the park
7. The students who were waiting for their funding from the government were disappointed.
The students waiting for their funding from the government were disappointed
8. The students who come from Japan work very hard.
The students coming from Japan work very hard
9. The book which is on the table is Lan’s.
The book on the table is Lan’s
10. The man who is standing at the bus stop is my teacher.
The man standing at the bus stop is my teacher
Task 3.Reduce relative Clauses(VED/3)
1. The ideas which are being presented in that book are interesting.
The ideas presented in that book are interesting
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
I come from a city located in the southern part of the country
3. They live in a house that was built in 1890.
They live in a house built in 1890
4. The photographs which has been published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary
5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful
6. They work in a hospital which was being sponsored by the government.
They work in a hospital sponsored by the government
7. My father works in a company which was established in 2005.
My father works in a company established in 2005
8. She gave me a book which was written by Mr. John.
She gave me a book written by Mr. John
9. They will buy a machine which can be operated by solar energy.
They will buy a machine operated by solar energy
10. We are living in a house which had been built by my grandfather.
We are living in a house built by my grandfather
Task 4.Reduce relative Clauses(TO V/ TO BE VED/3)
1. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
2. John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain
3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
The last person to leave the room must turn off the light
4. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
The first person to be seen is Mr. Smith
5. This is the second person who had been killed in that way.
This is the second person to be killed in that way
6. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
The first person to catch the ball will be the winner
7. He was the last man who left the party.
He was the last man to leave the party
8. He was the only boy who knew the answer.
He was the only boy to know the answer
9. It is the next biggest school which was built in 1985.
It is the next biggest school to be built in 1985
10. The first person who invented the telephone is Graham Bell.
The first person to invent the telephone is Graham Bell
1. The United States consists of fifty states. Each of them has its own government -> The United States consists of fifty states, each of which has its own government
2. I saw a lot of new people at the party. Some of them seemed familia -> I saw a lot of new people at the party, some of whom seemed familiar
3. The concert was boring. I listened to it last weekend -> The concert which/that I listened to last weekend was boring
4. I like the village. I used to live in it. -> I like the village which I used to live in
5. The little girl has gone. I borrowed this pen from her. -> The litte girl whom I borrowed this pen from has gone
6. The knife is very sharp. We cut breat with it. -> The knife which we cut bread with is very sharp
7. The speech was great. We listened to it last night. -> The speech which we listened to last night was great
8. That's the woman. Jim used to be married to her. -> That's the woman whom Jim used to be married to
9. The boy is poor. I lent my money to him. -> The boy whom I lent my money to is poor
1 At the party, we met Josh who was the president of the student council
2 The boy whom I borrowed a book from sits next to me in class
3 The little who has just received a Christmas card from her parents is smiling brightly
4 I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from my roommates
5 The children atttended a special movie program in which some famous actors took part
6 The book was written by that English author. It has become a best-seller
7 The girl is standing overthere. She is waiting for the bus
8 Lorries come over the brigde. They have to be careful of the wind
9 The conference was about climate change. It was planned by non-governmental organizations
10 The problems were dicussed. It will be important for your exam
Combine each pair of sentences, using suitable relative pronouns
1.At the party, we met Josh. He was the president of the student council .
At the party we met Josh, who was the president of the student council
2.The boy sits next to me in class. I borrowed a book from him.
The boy from whom I borrowed a book sits next to me in class
3.The little girl is smiling brightly. She has just received a Christmas card from her parents.
The little girl who has just received a Christmas card from her parents is smiling brightly
4.I was awakened ny the sound of laughter. It came from my roommates.
I was awakened by the sound of laughter, which came from my roommates
5.The children attended a special movie prsgram. Some famous actors took part in it.
The children attended a special movie program, which some famous actors took part in
Rewrite the following sentences using a present or past participle phrase
1.The book which was written by that English author has become a best- seller.
The book written by that English author has become a best- seller
2.The girl who is standing over there is waiting for the bus.
The girl standing over there is waiting for the bus
3. Lorries that come over the bridge have to be careful of the wind.
Lorries coming over the bridge have to be careful of the wind
4.The conference which was planned by non-governmental organizations was about climate change.
The conference planned by non-governmental organizations was about climate change
5.The problems that were discussed will be important for your exam.
The problems discussed will be important for your exam