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PTHH: MnO2 + 4HCl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
0,25----->1---------------->0,25
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)=500\left(ml\right)\)
\(V_{Cl_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{MnO2}=\dfrac{17,6}{87}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(MnO_2+4HCl_{đặc}\underrightarrow{t^o}MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O|\)
1 4 1 1 2
0,2 0,2
\(n_{Cl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{Cl2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
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2Fe + 3Cl2 --> 2FeCl3
16,25 gam FeCl3 tương đương với 0,1 mol FeCl3
Từ phương trình ta thấy để tạo ra được 0,1 mol FeCl3 thì số mol Cl2 dùng để phản ứng = 0.1.3/2 = 0,15 mol
Điều chế Clo: MnO2 + 4HCl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
Mà để điều chế 0,15 mol Cl2 thì cần 0,15 mol MnO2 tức 0,15.87=13,05 gam MnO2 và 0,6 mol HCl => VHCl 1M = 0,6 lít
\(n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2mol\\ 2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4,pư}=0,2:2=0,1mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4,dư}=0,2-0,1=0,1mol\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)
Câu 2 :
\(n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\left(\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=n_{H2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Câu 7 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 8 :
\(n_{H2SO4}=0,5.0,7=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,35=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,7.56}{12\%}.100\%=326,67\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{326,67}{1,15}=284,06\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 12 :
a) \(2Cu+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(CuSO_4+Fe\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\downarrow\)
b) \(MgSO_4+2KOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow MgCO_3+2NaNO_3\)
\(MgCO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+CO_2\)
c) \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(NaOH=HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{as}2HCl\)
\(HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow FeCl_2+BaSO_4\)
\(FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)
\(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Fe\)
e) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6KOH\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3K_2SO_4\)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(Al\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Âl\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
Bạn xem đề chỗ AlCl3 ra Al2(SO4)3 nhé
a/ Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = nFe = 0,15 (mol) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=11-8,4=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{11}.100\%\approx76,4\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100-76,4\approx23,6\%\)
b/ Theo PTHH ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
c/ mHCl = 36,5 . 0,3 = 10,95(g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%=\dfrac{10,95}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
a, PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11}.100\%\approx76,36\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx23,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(MnO_2+4HCl_{đặc}\underrightarrow{t^o}MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O|\)
1 4 1 1 2
0,4 0,1
\(n_{Cl2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{Cl2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
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