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Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski:
Đặt \(A=x\sqrt{16-y}+\sqrt{y\left(16-x^2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2=\left[x\sqrt{16-y}+\sqrt{y\left(16-x^2\right)}\right]^2\le\left(x^2+16-x^2\right)\left(16-y+y\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A^2\le16\cdot16=256\\ \Leftrightarrow A\le16\\ A_{max}=16\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{16-x^2}=\dfrac{16-y}{y}\Leftrightarrow x^2y=256-16y-16x^2+x^2y\\ \Leftrightarrow16x^2+16y-256=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y-16=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2=16-y\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{16-y}\)
Đề bài sai, phản ví dụ:
Với \(x=1;y=0\) thì x;y thỏa mãn \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=2\)
Nhưng \(P=1-\sqrt{6}\) không phải số nguyên
Ta có : \(xy\left(x+y\right)^2\le\frac{1}{64}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{xy\left(x+y\right)^2}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{64}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
ta cần c/m \(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Thật vậy, ta có
Áp dụng BĐT : \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b
\(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)=\frac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(x+2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}^2+2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{y}^2\right)^2}{4}.\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^4}{8}=\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{xy}+y+4\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}}\\ A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\\ A=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{y}\)
Đề sai
\(A=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+4\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\)
\(=2\sqrt{x}\)
1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).
2.
\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )
\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(a^2+b^2=\left(a+b-c\right)^2=a^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+2a\left(b-c\right)=b^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+2b\left(a-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=\left(b-c\right)^2+2a\left(b-c\right)\\a^2=\left(a-c\right)^2+2b\left(a-c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+\left(a-c\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b-c\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2+2b\left(a-c\right)+\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)^2+2a\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b+a-c\right)}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-c}\) (đpcm)