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\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{a}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{z}-\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+yz+zx+z^2\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}z=a\\x=a\\y=a\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐK: \(x,y,z,x+y+z\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{z}-\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx+z^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\circledast x=-y\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{-y^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}=\dfrac{1}{-y^3+y^3+z^3}=\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}\)
Lầm tương tự với hai trường hợp còn lại ta có đpcm 
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\); \(y=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}\); \(z=\dfrac{b^2}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=1\) là điều hiển nhiên
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương
\(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\right)^2}{\left(\dfrac{c^2}{ab}-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}\right)^2}{\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{b^2}{ac}\right)^2}{\left(\dfrac{b^2}{ac}-1\right)^2}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c^4}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2}+\dfrac{a^4}{\left(a^2-bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT C.B.S
\(\dfrac{c^4}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2}+\dfrac{a^4}{\left(a^2-bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2+\left(a^2-bc\right)^2+\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\)ta phải chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2+\left(a^2-bc\right)^2+\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)\ge a^4+b^4+c^4+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2-2\left(abc^2+a^2bc+b^2ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2\left(ab^2c+abc^2+a^2bc\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Lời giải:
Sử dụng điều kiện \(xyz=1\):
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)+(y+z)-\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2-1}{x}+(y+z)-\frac{(y+z)}{yz}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow yz(x^2-1)+(y+z)-x(y+z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(xyz+yz)-(y+z)(x-1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(1+yz)-(y+z)(x-1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(yz+1-y-z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(y-1)(z-1)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nghĩa là ít nhất một trong ba số có giá trị bằng 1 (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{abz}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{abz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow abz+bxz+cxy=0\)
\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2.\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2.0=1\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\) ( đpcm )
từ x+y+z=a và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\)
<=>(xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)=xyz
Từ đó bạn nhân phá ngoặc rồi biến phương trình trên về dạng:
(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=0
=> x=-y =>z=a
hoặc y=-z =>x=a
hoặc z=-x =>y=a.
Mik nghĩ vậy nhé!
Dòng thứ ba bị sai rồi!