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Ta có a=b+1\(\Rightarrow a-b=1\Rightarrow a>b\left(1\right)\)
\(b+1=c+2\Rightarrow b-c=1\Rightarrow b>c>0\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow a>b>c>0\)
Ta lại có \(a-b=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}< \dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)(3)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:\(b-c=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}< \sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}< 2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)(4)
Từ (3),(4)\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}< 2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)
Ta có a=b+1\(\Rightarrow a-b=1\Rightarrow a>b\left(1\right)\)
\(b+1=c+2\Rightarrow b-c=1\Rightarrow b>c>0\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow a>b>c>0\)
Ta lại có \(a-b=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}< \dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)(3)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:
\(b-c=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}< \sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}< 2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)(4)
Từ (3),(4)\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}< 2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2=a+b+c+2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a+1=a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(b+1=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(c+1=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(VT=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{a+1}=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)+\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)+\sqrt{c}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}=\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(VP=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=VP\) (đpcm)
Ta có : \(b=\dfrac{c+a}{2}\Rightarrow2b=c+a\Rightarrow a-b=b-c\)
Dó đó : \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{a-b}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{b-c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\) Vì \(\left(a-b=b-c\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{a-c}{a-b}=\dfrac{a-c}{a-\dfrac{a+c}{2}}=\dfrac{a-c}{\dfrac{2a-a-c}{2}}=\dfrac{a-c}{\dfrac{a-c}{2}}=2\)
Áp dụng giả thiết và một đánh giá quen thuộc, ta được: \(16\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)hay \(\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\frac{8}{9}\)
Đến đây, ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho ba số dương ta có \(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}=a+b+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}}\)hay \(\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3\ge\frac{27\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2\sqrt{a+c}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có \(\frac{1}{\left(b+c+2\sqrt{b+a}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}\); \(\frac{1}{\left(c+a+2\sqrt{c+b}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)Phép chứng minh sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chỉ ra được \(\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đây là một đánh giá đúng, thật vậy: đặt a + b + c = p; ab + bc + ca = q; abc = r thì bất đẳng thức trên trở thành \(pq-r\ge\frac{8}{9}pq\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{9}pq\ge r\)*đúng vì \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\); \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\))
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có a=b+1\(\Rightarrow a-b=1\Rightarrow a>b\left(1\right)\)
\(b+1=c+2\Rightarrow b-c=1\Rightarrow b>c>0\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow a>b>c>0\)
Ta lại có \(a-b=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}< \dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\)(3)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:\(b-c=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b}}< \sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}< 2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)(4)
Từ (3),(4)\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}< 2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)