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a, \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[\left(a+b\right)+c\right]^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+2c\left(a+b\right)+c^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\)
b, \(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2=2a^2+2b^2\)
c, \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left(a+b+a-b\right)=2b.2a=4ab\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[\left(a+b\right)+c\right]^2=\left(a+b\right)^2+2\cdot\left(a+b\right)\cdot c+c^2\\ =a^2+2ab+b^2+2ac+2bc+c^2\\ =a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2\\ 2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b+a-b\right)\left(a+b-a+b\right)\\ =2a\cdot2b=4ab\)
a+b+c = 2p => 4p = 2(a+b+c); p=(a+b+c)/2
VP = 4p(p-a) = 2(a+b+c)(\(\frac{a+b+c}{2}-a\))
= \(2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a+b+c-2a}{2}\right)\)
=\(2\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\frac{b+c-a}{2}=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\)
\(=ab+ac-a^2+b^2+bc-ab+bc+c^2-ac\)
\(=2bc+b^2+c^2-a^2\) = VT (đpcm)
1) a3+b3+c3-3abc = (a+b)3-3ab(a+b)+c3-3abc
= (a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ab-ac+c2) -3ab(a+b+c)
= (a+b+c)( a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)
a: (a+b+c)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2
=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc
=(a^2+2ab+b^2)+(b^2+2bc+c^2)+(a^2+2ac+c^2)
=(a+b)^2+(b+c)^2+(c+a)^2
b: (x+y)^4-2(x^2+xy+y^2)^2
=(x^2+2xy+y^2)^2-2(x^2+xy+y^2)^2
=x^4+4x^2y^2+y^4+4x^3y+2x^2y^2+4xy^3-2(x^4+x^2y^2+y^4+2x^3y+2x^2y^2+2xy^3)
=-x^4-y^4
=>ĐPCM
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)c\left(a+b+c\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3ab-3ac-3bc]\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right).2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2]\)
Bài 4: Chứng minh các hằng đẳng thức sau
a. x2+y2=(x+ y)2- 2xy
biến đổi vế phải ta được:
(x+ y)2- 2xy
=x2+2xy+y2-2xy
=x2+y2 bằng vế phải
=> biểu thức đã được chứng minh
b. (a+b)2-(a-b)(a+b)= 2b(a+b)
biến đổi vế trái ta được:
(a+b)2-(a-b)(a+b)
=a2+2ab+b2-(a2-b2)
=a2+2ab+b2-a2+b2
=2ab+2b2
=2b(a+b)
Ta có:
+) \(VT=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\)
+) \(VP=a^2+2ab+b^2+b^2+2bc+c^2+c^2+2ac+a^2\)
\(=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
Suy ra: \(VT=VP\left(đpcm\right)\)
cảm ơn bn nha!