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Ta có:\(\dfrac{x^2}{x+2y^3}=\dfrac{x\left(x+2y^3\right)-2xy^3}{x+2y^3}=x-\dfrac{2xy^3}{x+2y^3}=x-\dfrac{2xy^3}{x+y^3+y^3}\)
\(\ge x-\dfrac{2xy^3}{3\sqrt[3]{xy^6}}=x-\dfrac{2}{3}.\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^3y^9}{xy^6}}=x-\dfrac{2}{3}.y\sqrt[3]{x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\left(x+y+z\right)-\dfrac{2}{3}.\left(y\sqrt[3]{x^2}+z\sqrt[3]{y^2}+x\sqrt[3]{z^2}\right)\)
Ta có:\(y\sqrt[3]{x^2}=y\sqrt[3]{x.x.1}\le y.\dfrac{\left(x+x+1\right)}{3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.xy+\dfrac{y}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\left(x+y+z\right)-\dfrac{2}{3}\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\dfrac{x+y+z}{3}\right]\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)-\dfrac{2}{3}\left[\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}{3}+\dfrac{z+y+z}{3}\right]\)
\(=3-\dfrac{2}{3}\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3^3}{3}+\dfrac{3}{3}\right]=3-\dfrac{2}{3}.3=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x=y=z=1
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2-2x\sqrt{y}+2y=x\\y^2-2y\sqrt{z}+2z=y\\z^2-2z\sqrt{x}+2x=z\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x\sqrt{y}+2y+y^2-2y\sqrt{z}+2z+z^2-2z\sqrt{x}+2x=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(y-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(z-\sqrt{x}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\sqrt{y}=0\\y-\sqrt{z}=0\\z-\sqrt{x}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{y}\\y=\sqrt{z}\\z=\sqrt{x}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y=z=0\\x=y=z=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\frac{P}{\sqrt{6}}=\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2+3}}\le\frac{1}{2}\sum\left(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{2x^2+y^2+3}\right)\)
\(\frac{P}{\sqrt{6}}\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(y^2+1\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{1}{4x+2y}\)
\(\frac{P}{\sqrt{6}}\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\sum\frac{1}{x+x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\frac{P}{\sqrt{6}}\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{12}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
BĐT bên trái rất đơn giản, chỉ cần áp dụng:
\(x^3+x^3+y^3\ge3x^2y\) ; tương tự và cộng lại và được
Ta chứng minh BĐT bên phải:
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4=\dfrac{1}{8}\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]^2\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{8}.4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;1\right)\) và hoán vị
\(\dfrac{x^3}{y+2z}+\dfrac{y^3}{z+2x}+\dfrac{z^3}{x+2y}=\dfrac{x^4}{xy+2xz}+\dfrac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\dfrac{z^4}{xz+2yz}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Chắc đề là \(x+y+z=3\)
Ta có:
\(\left(2x+y+z\right)^2=\left(x+y+x+z\right)^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{4\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\sqrt[3]{xyz}.\sqrt[3]{xy.yz.zx}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(x+y+z\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(zy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2.\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)