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Ta có 5x2+2xy+2y2=(2x+y)2+(x-y)2>=(2x+y)2
Khi đó P<=\(\frac{1}{2x+y}+\frac{1}{2y+z}+\frac{1}{2z+x}\)
Lại có \(\frac{1}{2x+y}=\frac{1}{x+x+y}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{2y+z}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2z+x}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Khi đó P<=\(\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z=\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
HAY
\(1=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le\sqrt{3}\)
\(P=\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2}}\le\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(2x+y\right)^2}}=\sum\frac{1}{2x+y}\)
\(P\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{x+x+y}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\) khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(5x^2+2xy+2y^2-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2+2xy+2y^2\ge4x^2+4xy+y^2=\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+x+y}+\dfrac{9}{y+y+z}+\dfrac{9}{z+z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
ta có: \(\frac{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunyakovsky:\(\left(2+1\right)\left(\frac{2}{y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\ge\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2\).....bla bla
cm bđt phụ \(5x^2+6xy+5y^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)^2\)nhé
Ta có: \(\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}=\sqrt{4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{4\left(x+y\right)^2}=2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}}{x+y+2z}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\)(1)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{\sqrt{5y^2+6yz+5z^2}}{y+z+2x}\ge\frac{2\left(y+z\right)}{y+z+2x}\)(2); \(\frac{\sqrt{5z^2+6zx+5x^2}}{z+x+2y}\ge\frac{2\left(z+x\right)}{z+x+2y}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{5y^2+6yz+5z^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{5z^2+6zx+5x^2}}{z+x+2y}\)\(\ge2\left[\frac{x+y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y+z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z+x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right]\)
Đặt \(x+y=a;y+z=b;z+x=c\)thì \(\frac{x+y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y+z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z+x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)\(=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
Nhưng ta có BĐT Nesbitt quen thuộc sau: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Thật vậy:
(Bài này mình đã làm nhiều rồi nha nên ngại đánh lại, đây là bất đẳng thức có rất nhiều cách chứng minh nhưng mình nghĩ dồn biến là cách hay và đẹp nhất nha! Có thể tham khảo nhiều cách khác trên mạng, vô thống kê hỏi đáp của mình xem ảnh)
Như vậy: \(\frac{\sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{5y^2+6yz+5z^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{5z^2+6zx+5x^2}}{z+x+2y}\)\(\ge2\left[\frac{x+y}{\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y+z}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z+x}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right]\)\(\ge2.\frac{3}{2}=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z
Ta có \(\left(2x^2+y^2+3\right)\left(2+1+3\right)\ge\left(2x+y+3\right)^2\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2+3}}\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2x+y+3}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{2x+y+3}=\frac{1}{x+x+y+1+1+1}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+3\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2+3}}\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{36}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+3\right)\)
Khi đó
\(P\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{36}\left(\frac{3}{x}+\frac{3}{y}+\frac{3}{z}+9\right)=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{36}.18=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy \(MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)khi x=y=z=1
Ta có:
\(15\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)=10\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)+2014\)
\(\le10\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+2014\)
=> \(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\le\frac{2014}{5}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+2zx}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5z^2+2zx+2xy}}\)
=> \(P\sqrt{\frac{2014}{135}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2yz}.\sqrt{\frac{135}{2014}}}\)
\(+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5y^2+2yz+2zx}\sqrt{\frac{135}{2014}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{135}{2014}}\sqrt{5z^2+2zx+2xy}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{5x^2+2xy+2yz}+\frac{2014}{135}+\frac{1}{5y^2+2yz+2zx}+\frac{2024}{135}+\frac{1}{5z^2+2yz+2zx}+\frac{2014}{135}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{81}\left(\frac{5}{x^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}\right)+\frac{1}{81}\left(\frac{5}{y^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{zx}\right)+\frac{1}{81}\left(\frac{5}{z^2}+\frac{2}{zx}+\frac{2}{xy}\right)+\frac{2014}{45}\right]\)
\(=\frac{5}{162}\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)+\frac{2}{81}\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)+\frac{1007}{45}\)
\(\le\frac{5}{162}.\frac{2014}{5}+\frac{2}{81}.\frac{2014}{5}+\frac{1007}{45}=\frac{2014}{45}\)
=> \(P\le\frac{2014}{45}:\sqrt{\frac{2014}{135}}=3\sqrt{\frac{2014}{135}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = \(\sqrt{\frac{15}{2014}}\)