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Sửa lại đề: cho x, y, z dương thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}=1\)
Chứng minh \(A=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{xz\left(1+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Giải:
Đặt \(a=\dfrac{1}{x};b=\dfrac{1}{y};c=\dfrac{1}{z}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{bc}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{b}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ac}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ab}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a^2+1}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{b^2+1}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{b^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+c}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\) hay \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Đề bài này có rất nhiều vấn đề, đầu tiên không có điều kiện x, y, z gì cả? Dương? Â? Bằng 0? Khác 0?
Sau nữa là chiều của BĐT cũng có vấn đề nốt, mình thử với \(x=y=2;z=\dfrac{4}{3}\) thì vế trái ra \(\dfrac{2+\sqrt{30}}{5}\) mà theo casio cho biết thì số này nhỏ hơn \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) , vậy BĐT cũng sai luôn
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}=0\\\dfrac{y}{x}+1+\dfrac{y}{z}=0\\\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}=-3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=0\\ \Rightarrow yz+xz+xy=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)\left(xy+xz+yz\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}=0\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{-1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{-1}{z}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+3\dfrac{1}{x^2}\dfrac{1}{y}+3\dfrac{1}{x}\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}=\dfrac{-1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=-3.\dfrac{1}{x}\dfrac{1}{y}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=-3\dfrac{1}{x}\dfrac{1}{y}\dfrac{-1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)xyz=3\dfrac{1}{x}\dfrac{1}{y}\dfrac{1}{z}.xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{xz}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=3\)
Sửa lại đề là x;y;z khác -1.
\(A=\frac{xy+2x+1}{xy+x+y+1}+\frac{yz+2y+1}{yz+y+z+1}+\frac{zx+2z+1}{zx+z+x+1}=\)
\(A=\frac{x\left(y+1\right)+x+1}{x\left(y+1\right)+y+1}+\frac{y\left(z+1\right)+y+1}{y\left(z+1\right)+z+1}+\frac{z\left(x+1\right)+z+1}{z\left(x+1\right)+x+1}=\)
\(A=\frac{x\left(y+1\right)+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(z+1\right)+y+1}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(x+1\right)+z+1}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\)vì x;y;z khác -1 nên:
\(A=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}=\)
\(A=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{x+1}{x+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+1}=1+1+1=3\)
A = 3 với mọi x;y;z khác -1 nên A không phụ thuộc vào x;y;z. đpcm
\(=\dfrac{xy\left(z-1\right)-y\left(z-1\right)-x\left(z-1\right)+\left(z-1\right)}{xy\left(z+1\right)+y\left(z+1\right)-x\left(z+1\right)-\left(z+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(z-1\right)\left(xy-y-x+1\right)}{\left(z+1\right)\left(xy+y-x-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-1\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(5003-1\right)\left(5001-1\right)}{\left(5003+1\right)\left(5001+1\right)}=\dfrac{5002\cdot5000}{5004\cdot5002}=\dfrac{5000}{5004}=\dfrac{1250}{1251}\)
1 + x^2 = xy + yz + xz + x^2
1 +x^2 = y(x+z ) + x ( x+ z )
1 +x^2 = ( x + y )(x + z ) ( ĐPCM)