Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
\(\Sigma\frac{x^3}{y^2}=\Sigma\frac{x}{y^2}\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{\Sigma z\left(x^3-yz^2\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\Sigma\frac{x^2}{y}\ge\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-2+4-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+1\right)-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+2\right)\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Đến đây có 2 cách giải quyết
Cách 1:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{xy}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left[\left(x-\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]}{x^2y^2}\ge0\left(true!!!\right)\)
Cách 2 là đặt ẩn:)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\ge2\Rightarrow t+1>0;t-2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\le-2\Rightarrow t+1< 0;t-2< 0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)>0\)
=> đpcm
Áp dụng bất đẳn thức Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=\)\(\left[\frac{a^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2}+\frac{b^2}{\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2}+\frac{c^2}{\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2}\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{x}}.\sqrt{x}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{y}}.\sqrt{y}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{z}}.\sqrt{z}\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow Q.E.D\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b
\(gt\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=6\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{x}=a,\frac{1}{y}=b,\frac{1}{z}=c\)thì \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2\)và \(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6\)
Giải:
Ta có: \(x^2+1\ge2\sqrt{x^2\cdot1}=2x\)
Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế ta được: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\)(1)
Lại có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)(2)
Cộng (1), (2) theo vế ta được:
\(3P+3\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)=2\cdot6=12\)
\(\Rightarrow3P\ge9\Leftrightarrow P\ge3\)
MinP = 3 khi a = b = c = 1 hay x = y = z = 1
\(x^4y+x^2y-x^2y=x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y.\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2y\left(x^2+1\right)-x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}=x^2y-\frac{x^2y}{\left(x^2+1\right)}\\\frac{y^2z\left(y^2+1\right)-y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}=y^2z-\frac{y^2z}{\left(y^2+1\right)}\\\frac{z^2x\left(z^2+1\right)-z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}=z^2x-\frac{z^2x}{\left(z^2+1\right)}\end{cases}}Vt\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}+\frac{y^2z}{y^2+1}+\frac{z^2x}{z^2+1}\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge2x\\y^2+1\ge2y\\z^2+1\ge2z\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}-\frac{x^2y}{x^2+1}\ge\frac{x^2y}{2x}=\frac{xy}{2}\\\frac{y^2z}{2y}=\frac{yz}{2}\\\frac{z^2x}{2z}=\frac{xz}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)}\)
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3\)
\(VT\ge3-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2}\)
t chỉ làm dc đến đây thôi :))
Từ \(VT\ge x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-\left(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\right)\)ta có:
\(x^2y+x^2y+y^2z=x^2y+x^2y+\frac{y}{x}\ge3xy\)(áp dụng BĐT Cauchy)
Tương tự : \(y^2z+y^2z+z^2x\ge3yz\); \(z^2x+z^2x+x^2y\ge3zx\)
Cộng vế theo vế suy ra : \(3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+y\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y}.y}=2x\)
\(\frac{y^2}{x}+x\ge2x\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}+x+y\ge2x+2x\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge x+y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{2-2xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{2x^2-2y}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{2y^2-2x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{2-2xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+1-\frac{2x^2-2y}{1+2x^2+y^2}+1-\frac{2y^2-2x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le3\)(*)
Theo bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức: \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}\le\frac{x^2}{1+x^2}+\frac{y^2}{1+y^2}\)(1); \(\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}\le\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2+1}\)(2); \(\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{1+x^2+2y^2}\le\)\(\left(\frac{x^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2+y^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\right)=3\)
Như vậy (*) đúng
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1
\(\frac{1-xy}{2+x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2-y^2}{1+2x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^2-x}{1+x^2+2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1-xy+3x^2-2y^2-2y^2+x}{\left(1+x^2+y^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(1+x^2+y^2\right)+x^2}{1+x^2+y^2}\ge0\)
Vì x2 và y2 >0
\(\Rightarrow2+\frac{x^2}{1+x^2+y^2}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Theo giả thiết xy + yz + zx = 1 nên ta có: \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}+\frac{1}{1+z^2}=\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right)=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^3\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)Ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)
hay \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo AM - GM do: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}.\frac{y}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}.\frac{z}{z+y}}\le\frac{\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-\frac{x}{y}-\frac{y}{x}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-xy}{y^2}+\frac{y^2-xy}{x^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^4-x^3y+y^4-xy^3}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^3\left(x-y\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\)