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Áp dụng BĐT bu-nhi-a , ta có \(\left(\sqrt{x+3}+2\sqrt{y+3}\right)^2\le\left(1+2\right)\left(x+3+2y+6\right)\le36\)
=> \(S\le6\)
dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=1
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=x\\b=2y\\c=3z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+b+c=2;a,b,c>0\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{2}}{\dfrac{ab}{2}+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{2}}{\dfrac{bc}{2}+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+2c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{bc+2a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}\)
Vì a,b,c>0 nên áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+2c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c^2+bc+ca+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{a+c}}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{b+c}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{bc+2a}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{ca+2b}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: a=b=c=2/3=>\(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{2}{9}\right\}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhia ta có :
\(\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{2x}\right)^2\le2\left(1+x^2+2x\right)=2\left(x+1\right)^2\text{ nên }\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{2x}\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)\)
tương tự ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{2y}\le\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)\\\sqrt{1+z^2}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(z+1\right)\end{cases}}\)
Nên \(A\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(\le6\sqrt{2}+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\sqrt{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\le6\sqrt{2}+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right).3=6+3\sqrt{2}\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(2\left(y^2+1\right)+6\ge\left(x^4+1\right)+\left(y^4+4\right)+\left(z^4+1\right)\ge2x^2+4y^2+2z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow0< x^2+y^2+z^2\le4\)
Đặt: \(t=x^2+y^2+z^2.Đkxđ:0< t\le4\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{2}\left(x+y\right)y=\sqrt{2x}y+\sqrt{2z}y\le\frac{2x^2+y^2}{2}+\frac{2z^2+y^2}{2}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(P\le x^2+y^2+z^2+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2+1}=t+\frac{1}{t+1}=f\left(t\right)\)
Xét hàm: \(f\left(t\right)=t+\frac{1}{t+1}\) liên tục trên \(\left(0;4\right)\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=1-\frac{1}{\left(t+1\right)^2}>0\forall t\in\left\{0;4\right\}\)nên:
\(\Rightarrow f\left(t\right)\) đồng biến trên \(\left\{0;4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le f\left(t\right)\le f\left(4\right)=\frac{21}{5}\forall t\in\left(0;4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{Min}=\frac{21}{5}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=z=1\\y=\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ....................
ミ★๖ۣۜBăηɠ ๖ۣۜBăηɠ ★彡
có cách nào không dùng hàm k ???