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Lời giải:
Khai triển ta có:
\(M=x^2y^2+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}+2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(1=x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\leq \frac{1}{4}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(M=\left(x^2y^2+\frac{1}{16^2x^2y^2}\right)+\frac{255}{256x^2y^2}+2\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{16^2}}+\frac{255}{256x^2y^2}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M\geq \frac{17}{8}+\frac{255}{256x^2y^2}\) . Mà \(xy\leq \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\geq \frac{17}{8}+\frac{255}{256x^2y^2}\geq \frac{17}{8}+\frac{255}{256.\frac{1}{16}}=\frac{289}{16}\)
Vậy \(M_{\min}=\frac{289}{16}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\geq \frac{16}{3x+3y+2z}\)
\(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\geq \frac{16}{3x+2y+3z}\)
\(\frac{1}{z+y}+\frac{1}{z+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}\geq \frac{16}{2x+3y+3z}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow 4\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\geq 16\left(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\leq \frac{4.6}{16}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-2}+\sqrt{z-3}=6-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\right)=6\)Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si ta có :
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}}=2\)
Tương tự :\(\sqrt{y-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\ge2\)
\(\sqrt{z-3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\ge2\)
Do đó :\(\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\right)\ge6\)Dấu "=+ xảy ra khi :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\\\sqrt{y-2}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\\\sqrt{z-3}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\y-2=1\\z-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\\z=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=2,y=3,z=4\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(M=\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2y^2+1}{y^2}\cdot\dfrac{x^2y^2+1}{x^2}=\dfrac{x^4y^4+2x^2y^2+1}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=x^2y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2y^2}+2=x^2y^2+\dfrac{1}{256x^2y^2}+\dfrac{255}{256x^2y^2}+2\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{x^2y^2\cdot\dfrac{1}{256x^2y^2}}+\dfrac{255}{256\cdot\left(xy\right)^2}+2\)
\(\ge2\cdot\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{255}{256\cdot\left(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\right)^2}+2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{255}{256\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2}+2=\dfrac{289}{16}\)
Khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{2.\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}+\dfrac{4}{2xy+x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{6}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=6\)
\(P_{min}=6\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cách khác:
Đặt $xy=t$. Bằng $AM-GM$ dễ thấy $t\leq \frac{1}{4}$
\(P=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{(x+y)^2-2xy}=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{1-2xy}=\frac{1}{t}+\frac{1}{1-2t}\)
\(=\frac{1}{t}-4+\frac{1}{1-2t}-2+6=\frac{(1-4t)(1-3t)}{t(1-2t)}+6\geq 6\) với mọi $t\leq \frac{1}{4}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=6$ khi $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$
Ta có \(\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)=x^2y^2+1+1+\dfrac{1}{x^2y^2}=x^2y^2+2+\dfrac{1}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{x^4y^4+2x^2y^2+1}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{\left(x^2y^2+1\right)^2}{\left(xy\right)^2}=\left(\dfrac{x^2y^2+1}{xy}\right)^2=\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)^2=\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}+\dfrac{15}{16xy}\right)^2\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi, ta có \(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}\ge2\sqrt{xy.\dfrac{1}{16xy}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{16}}=2.\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(2\sqrt{xy}\le\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{15}{16xy}\ge\dfrac{15}{4}\)
Vậy \(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}+\dfrac{15}{16xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{17}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+\dfrac{1}{16xy}+\dfrac{15}{16xy}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{289}{16}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\xy=\dfrac{1}{16xy}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=0,5\)
Vậy GTNN của \(\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)\)=\(\dfrac{289}{16}\) và xảy ra khi x=y=0,5
\(M=x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+2+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+2=x^2+y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+4\)
ta có \(x+y=1\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=1-2xy\) theo BĐT Cô si: \(xy\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow2xy\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\Rightarrow1-2xy\ge1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng tiếp BĐT Cô Si :\(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}=\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{1}{4}}=8\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}+8+4=\dfrac{25}{2}\)
dấu = xảy ra tại \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
camon