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\(1,A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{2xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}\ge\frac{4}{1}+\frac{2}{1}=6\)
Dấu "=" <=> x= y = 1/2
\(2,A=\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=\left(\frac{x}{9y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\frac{8x}{9y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{9y}.\frac{y}{x}}+\frac{8.3y}{9y}\)
\(=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8.3}{9}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu "=" <=> x = 3y
\(1,\) Áp dụng BĐT: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\text{ và }\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
\(A=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+17\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+17\\ A\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+17\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2+17=\dfrac{25}{2}+17=\dfrac{59}{2}\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\dfrac{1}{a}=b+\dfrac{1}{b}\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(2,\text{Đặt }A=\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy^2z}{xz}+\dfrac{xyz^2}{xy}+\dfrac{x^2yz}{yz}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow A^2=\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}+6\)
Áp dụng Cosi: \(\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}\ge2y^2\)
CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y^2z^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\ge2z^2\\\dfrac{x^2y^2}{z^2}+\dfrac{x^2z^2}{y^2}\ge2x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng VTV \(\Leftrightarrow A^2\ge2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+6=12\\ \Leftrightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(1+81\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+\dfrac{9}{y}\right)^2}\)
=> \(\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\ge\dfrac{x+\dfrac{9}{y}}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{y+\dfrac{9}{z}}{\sqrt{82}}\\\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}\ge\dfrac{z+\dfrac{9}{x}}{\sqrt{82}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)+9\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Mà x + y + z = 1
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=9\)
=> \(P\ge\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng trực tiếp bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel:
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(x+y+z\right)+3\left(x+y+z\right)}=1\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM cho 2 số dương, ta được: \(\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{36}\left(x+2y+3z\right)\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}.\frac{1}{36}\left(x+2y+3z\right)}=\frac{1}{3}x\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}\ge\frac{11}{36}x-\frac{1}{18}y-\frac{1}{12}z\)Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{y^2}{y+2z+3x}\ge\frac{11}{36}y-\frac{1}{18}z-\frac{1}{12}x\); \(\frac{z^2}{z+2x+3y}\ge\frac{11}{36}z-\frac{1}{18}x-\frac{1}{12}y\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(G=\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}+\frac{y^2}{y+2z+3x}+\frac{z^2}{z+2x+3y}\ge\frac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 2
\(P=x^2+3x+y^2+3y+\frac{9}{x^2+y^2+1}\)
\(=x^2+y^2+1+\frac{9}{x^2+y^2+1}+3x+3y-1\)
\(\ge2.3.\frac{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+1}}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+1}}+2.3.\sqrt{xy}-1\)
\(=6+6-1=11\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = 1