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Ta có : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)^3=-\frac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+3\cdot\frac{1}{xy}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)+\frac{1}{z^3}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=-3\cdot\frac{1}{xy}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=-3\cdot\frac{1}{xy}\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
Khi đó có : \(P=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=xyz.\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz\cdot\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
GT \(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\). Khi đó: \(\left(xy\right)^3+\left(yz\right)^3+\left(zx\right)^3=3.xy.yz.zx=3x^2y^2z^2\).
Do đó: \(P=\frac{\left(xy\right)^3+\left(yz\right)^3+\left(zx\right)^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=3\)
Ta có: \(\left(xy+2016z\right)\left(yz+2016z\right)\left(zx+2016y\right)\\ =\left(xy+\left(x+y+z\right)z\right)\left(yz+\left(x+y+z\right)x\right)\left(zx+\left(x+y+z\right)y\right)\\ =\left(xy+zx+zy+z^2\right)\left(yz+x^2+xy+xz\right)\left(zx+xỹ+y^2+yz\right)\\ =\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+x\right)\left(z+y\right)\left(x+y\right)\\ =\left(y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2\left(z+x\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\frac{\left(xy+2016z\right)\left(yz+2016z\right)\left(zx+2016y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2\left(z+x\right)^2}\\ =\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2\left(z+x\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2\left(z+x\right)^2}\\ =1\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
$xy+yz+xz=(x+y+z)^2-(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz)=1-\frac{2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}$
$\Rightarrow 3(xy+yz+xz)=1=(x+y+z)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y+z)^2-3(xy+yz+xz)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=0$
Vì $(x-y)^2, (y-z)^2, (z-x)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y,z$.
Do đó để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì $x-y=y-z=z-x=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=y=z$
Khi đó:
$A=\frac{x}{x+x}+\frac{x}{x+x}+\frac{x}{x+x}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}$
CÓ:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=-\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{3}{xy}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=-\frac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}-\frac{3}{xyz}=-\frac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
\(A=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=xyz\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz\cdot\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
\(\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+1}=\dfrac{x-y}{z^2+xy+yz+zx}=\dfrac{x-y}{z\left(z+y\right)+x\left(z+y\right)}=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{y-z}{x^2+1}=\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\);\(\dfrac{z-x}{y^2+1}=\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{x-y}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{z-x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(z-x\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-y^2+y^2-z^2+z^2-x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)(đpcm)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=z\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{x}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{x}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)