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+ Nếu x + y + z = 0 => x + y = -z; y + z = -x; x + z = -y
A = (1 + y/x)(1 + z/y)(1 + x/z)
A = (x+y)/x . (y+z)/y . (x+z)/z
A = -z/x . (-x)/y . (-y)/z = -1
+ Nếu x + y + z khác 0
x-y-z/x = -x+y-z/y = -x-y+z/z
<=> 1 - (y+z)/x = 1 - (x+z)/y = 1 - (x+y)/z
<=> y+z/x = x+z/y = x+y/z
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số = nhau ta có:
y+z/x = x+z/y = x+y/z = 2(x+y+z)/x+y+z = 2
A = (x+y)/x . (y+z)/y . (x+z)/z = 8
\(\frac{x-y-z}{x}=\frac{y-x-z}{y}=\frac{z-x-y}{z}=\frac{x-y-z+y-x-z+z-x-y}{x+y+z}=\frac{-x-y-z}{x+y+z}=-1\)
\(\rightarrow\begin{cases}x-y-z=-x\\y-x-z=-y\\z-x-y=-z\end{cases}\)
\(\leftrightarrow\begin{cases}y+z=2x\\z+x=2y\\x+y=2z\end{cases}\)
\(A=\frac{x+y}{z}.\frac{y+z}{x}.\frac{z+x}{y}=8\)
\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{x+y}{z}\Rightarrow k=2\Rightarrow x=y=z=1\)
A=6
\(\frac{x-y-z}{x}=1-\frac{y+z}{x}\) tương tự con khác
=> x=y=z
=> A=6
X3 + Y3 + Z3 = 3XYZ
<=> X3 + Y3 + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X3 + Y3 ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> ( X + Y )3 - 3XY( X + Y ) + Z3 - 3XYZ = 0
<=> [ ( X + Y )3 + Z3 ] - 3XY( X + Y + Z ) = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )[ ( X + Y )2 - ( X + Y ).Z + Z2 - 3XY ] = 0
<=> ( X + Y + Z )( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}X+Y+Z=0\\X^2+Y^2+Z^2-XY-YZ-XZ=0\end{cases}}\)
+) X + Y + Z = 0 => \(\hept{\begin{cases}X+Y=-Z\\Y+Z=-X\\X+Z=-Y\end{cases}}\)
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(\frac{X+Y}{Y}\right)\left(\frac{Y+Z}{Z}\right)\left(\frac{X+Z}{X}\right)=\frac{-Z}{Y}\cdot\frac{-X}{Z}\cdot\frac{-Y}{X}=-1\)
+) X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ = 0
<=> 2( X2 + Y2 + Z2 - XY - YZ - XZ ) = 0
<=> 2X2 + 2Y2 + 2Z2 - 2XY - 2YZ - 2XZ = 0
<=> ( X2 - 2XY + Y2 ) + ( Y2 - 2YZ + Z2 ) + ( X2 - 2XZ + Z2 ) = 0
<=> ( X - Y )2 + ( Y - Z )2 + ( X - Z )2 = 0 (1)
DỄ DÀNG CHỨNG MINH (1) ≥ 0 ∀ X,Y,Z
DẤU "=" XẢY RA <=> X = Y = Z
KHI ĐÓ : \(M=\left(1+\frac{X}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Y}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{X}\right)=\left(1+\frac{Y}{Y}\right)\left(1+\frac{Z}{Z}\right)\left(1+\frac{X}{X}\right)=2\cdot2\cdot2=8\)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}-\frac{1}{x+y+z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y+z-z}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\frac{zx+zy+z^2+xy}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[z\left(x+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=-y\) hoặc \(y=-z\) hoặc \(z=-x\)
\(\Rightarrow A=0\)
\(x\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
Ta lại có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^3=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=1\)
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