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Lời giải:
a) Vì $M$ là trung điểm của $EF$ nên \(\overrightarrow {ME}+\overrightarrow{MF}=0\), tương tự \(\overrightarrow{NB}+\overrightarrow{NC}=0\)
Từ đkđb ta cũng có \(AE=\frac{1}{3}AB;AF=\frac{3}{5}AC\)
Ý 1:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{EM}\\ \overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AF}+\overrightarrow{FM}\end{matrix}\right. \)
\(\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{AF}-(\overrightarrow{ME}+\overrightarrow{MF})=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{AF}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{10}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Ý 2:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{ME}+\overrightarrow{EB}+\overrightarrow{BN}\\ \overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MF}+\overrightarrow{FC}+\overrightarrow{CN}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{MN}=(\overrightarrow{ME}+\overrightarrow{MF})+\overrightarrow{EB}+\overrightarrow{FC}-(\overrightarrow{NB}+\overrightarrow{NC})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{EB}+\overrightarrow{FC}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{MN}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
b)
Theo đkđb ta có: \(\overrightarrow{BG}=3\overrightarrow{CG}\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{AG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BG}\\ \overrightarrow{AG}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CG}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \overrightarrow{AG}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BG}\\ 3\overrightarrow{AG}=3\overrightarrow{AC}+3\overrightarrow{CG}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AG}=3\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AG}=\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
Lại có:
\(\overrightarrow{EG}=\overrightarrow{EA}+\overrightarrow{AG}=\frac{-1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{FG}=\overrightarrow{FA}+\overrightarrow{AG}=\frac{-3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{9}{10}\overrightarrow{AC}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
c) Từ phần b ta thấy \(\frac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{EG}=\overrightarrow{FG}\Rightarrow E,G,F\) thẳng hàng.
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{v}-\overrightarrow{u}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{u}+\frac{3}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{v}-\overrightarrow{u}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{u}+\frac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{v}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}\)
\(\overrightarrow{GC}=0-\overrightarrow{GA}-\overrightarrow{GB}=-\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{BG}+\overrightarrow{GC}=-\overrightarrow{b}-\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}=-\overrightarrow{a}-2\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{CG}+\overrightarrow{GA}=\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{a}=2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AD}=2\overrightarrow{DB}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\) ; \(\overrightarrow{CE}=3\overrightarrow{EA}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Lại có M là trung điểm DE
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{AE}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
I là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MI}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AI}-\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)