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a: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{NP}=\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{CP}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(=-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\overrightarrow{PM}=\overrightarrow{PA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{CB}\)
Câu 1:
Gọi G là giao điểm AK và BM => G là trọng tâm \(\Delta ABC\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Theo tính chất trọng tâm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AG=\frac{2}{3}AK\\BG=\frac{2}{3}BM\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GB}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{KC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\\ =\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\\ \Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\right)\\ =\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\\ =\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{-AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\\ =-\left(\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\right)+\left(\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\right)\\ =-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}+\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\\ =\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\)
1/ Theo quy tắc TĐ: \(\overrightarrow{AK}=\frac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}}{2};\overrightarrow{BM}=\frac{\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}}{2}\)
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm: \(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{KB}\)
Vậy cần phân tích \(\overrightarrow{KB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KB}=\frac{\overrightarrow{CB}}{2}=\frac{\overrightarrow{BA}-2\overrightarrow{BM}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{\overrightarrow{BA}-2\overrightarrow{BM}}{2}\Leftrightarrow2\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{AK}-\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\)
Tìm \(\overrightarrow{BC};\overrightarrow{AC}\) tương tự
2/ Theo quy tắc 3 điểm có:
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BN}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BP}=\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CP}\)
\(\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
Cộng vế vs vế:
\(\overrightarrow{AN}+\overrightarrow{BP}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CA}-\overrightarrow{BA}\right)=0\)
\(\overrightarrow{KA}=-\overrightarrow{AK}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KD}=\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{KA}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\frac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MN}+\overrightarrow{NB}=\overrightarrow{AM}-\overrightarrow{BN}+\overrightarrow{MN}\)
Vì $AM,BN$ là trung tuyến nên $M,N$ lần lượt là trung điểm của $BC, AC$
$\Rightarrow MN$ là đường trung bình của tam giác $ABC$ ứng với $AB$
\(\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{MN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}=-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\). Do đó:
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AM}-\overrightarrow{BN}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\Leftrightarrow \frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AM}-\overrightarrow{BN}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BN}\)
