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Câu 1.
Tìm a,b để \(x^3+ax+b\)chia \(x+1\)dư 7 và chia cho \(x-3\)dư -5.
- Thương của phép chia đa thức bậc 3 \(x^3+ax+b\)cho \(x+1\)là 1 đa thức bậc 2 có hệ số bậc 2 bằng 1, tổng quát ở dạng: \(x^2+mx+n\).
- Số dư của phép chia này là 7 nên ta có:
\(x^3+ax+b=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+7\mid\forall x\in R\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+ax+b=x^3+\left(m+1\right)x^2+\left(m+n\right)x+n+7\mid\forall x\in R\)
Để 2 đa thức này bằng nhau với mọi x thuộc R thì hệ số các bậc phải bằng nhau. Đồng nhất chúng ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}m+1=0\\m+n=a\\n+7=b\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=-1\\n=a+1\\b=a+1+7\end{cases}\Rightarrow}b=a+8\mid\left(1\right)}\)
- Tương tự với phép chia \(x^3+ax+b\)cho \(x-3\)dư -5.
\(x^3+ax+b=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+px+q\right)-5\mid\forall x\in R\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+ax+b=x^3+\left(p-3\right)x^2+\left(q-3p\right)x-\left(3q+5\right)\mid\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}p-3=0\\q-3p=a\\-\left(3q+5\right)=b\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}p=3\\q=a+9\\b=-\left(3\left(a+9\right)+5\right)\end{cases}\Rightarrow}b=-3a-32\mid\left(2\right)}\)
- Từ (1) và (2) ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}b=a+8\\b=-3a-32\end{cases}\Rightarrow a+8=-3a-32\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-10\\b=-2\end{cases}}}\)
- Vậy với \(a=-10;b=-2\)thì đa thức đã cho trở thành \(x^3-10x-2\)chia cho \(x+1\)dư 7 và chia cho \(x-3\)dư -5.
- Viết kết quả các phép chia này ta được:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^3-10x-2=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x-9\right)+7\\x^3-10x-2=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x-1\right)-5\end{cases}\mid\forall x\in R}\)
c) n2 + 1 chia hết cho n - 1 (n thuộc N, n khác 1)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{n^2+1}{n-1}\in N\Rightarrow\frac{n^2+1}{n-1}=\frac{n^2+n-n-1+2}{n-1}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)-\left(n+1\right)+2}{n-1}=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)+2}{n-1}=n+1+\frac{2}{n-1}\in N\)
Mà \(n+1\in N\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{n-1}\in N\Rightarrow\)2 chia hết cho n - 1
Từ đây bạn tự làm tiếp nha........
a) ta có: 3n + 2 chia hết cho n - 1
=> 3n - 3 + 5 chia hết cho n -1
3.(n-1) + 5 chia hết cho n - 1
mà 3.(n-1) chia hết cho n -1
=> 5 chia hết cho n - 1
=> n - 1 thuộc Ư(5)={1;-1;5;-5}
...
rùi bn tự lập bảng xét giá trị hộ mk nha!!!
b) ta có: n^2 + 2n + 7 chia hết cho n + 2
=> n.(n+2) + 7 chia hết cho n + 2
mà n.(n+2) chia hết cho n + 2
=> 7 chia hết cho n + 2
=>...
c) ta có: n^2 + 1 chia hết cho n - 1
=> n^2 - n + n -1 + 2 chia hết cho n - 1
n.(n-1) + (n-1) + 2 chia hết cho n -1
(n-1).(n+1) + 2 chia hết cho n - 1
mà (n-1).(n+1) chia hết cho n - 1
=> 2 chia hết cho n - 1
...
câu e;g bn dựa vào phần a mak lm nha!!!
\(d,n+8⋮n+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+3\right)+5⋮n+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n+3⋮n+3\Rightarrow5⋮n+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n+3\in\left(1;5\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n+3=1\Rightarrow n=-2\left(l\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n+3=5\Rightarrow n=2\left(c\right)\)
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a) \(2P=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{29}+2^{30} \)
2P - P = P = 230-1
b) P + 1 = 230-1+1 = 230
=>22n = 230
=>2n = 30
n = 30 : 2 = 15
c) \(P=1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{29}\)
\(P=\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{26}+2^{27}+2^{28}+2^{29}\right)\)
\(P=15+...+\left(2^{26}\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)\right)\)
\(P=15+...+\left(2^{26}\cdot15\right)\)
\(P=3\cdot5\cdot\left(1+...+2^{26}\right)\) chia hết cho 3 và 5
=>P chia hết cho 3 và 5
còn cái chứng minh P không chi hết cho 7 mình ko biết làm nên sorry nhé :)
ngu