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`MgCO_3+2HCl->MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O`
`Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2`
`FeCO_3+2HCl->FeCl_2+CO_2+H_2O`
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\\y\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\end{cases}}\)
\(\rightarrow2x+44y=4,8\left(1\right)\)
Có \(\overline{M}_B=8.M_{H_2}=16\)
\(\rightarrow n_B=x+y=0,2mol\) và \(y=0,1mol\)
Theo phương trình \(n_{H_2O}=n_{CO_2}=0,1mol\)
BT H \(\text{∑}n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}+2n_{H_2}=0,6mol\)
BT khối lượng \(m_A+m_{HCl}=m_{\text{muối}}+m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\rightarrow m+0,6.36,5=4,8+0,1.18+40,9\)
\(\rightarrow m=25,6g\)
PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\) (1)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\) (2)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O\) (3)
\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\) (4)
Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=10.95.20\%=2,19\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2,19}{36,5}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,224}{22,4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(4\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(4\right)}=n_{CO_2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(3\right)}=0,06-0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2O\left(3\right)}\)
⇒ nH2O = 0,01 + 0,04 = 0,05 (mol)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mhh + mHCl = m muối + mCO2 + mH2O
⇒ m = m muối = 2,24 + 2,19 - 0,01.44 - 0,05.18 = 3,09 (g)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)=n_{FeCl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,25\cdot127=31,75\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,25\cdot56=14\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{20}\cdot100\%=70\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{Ag}=30\%\)
d) Sửa đề cho dễ làm: "dd HCl 7,3%"
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=250\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{250}{1,03}\approx242,72\left(ml\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)
_______a--------------->a_________(mol)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
_b----------------->b______________(mol)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
_c------------------>c______________(mol)
=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: 84nMgCO3 + 100nCaCO3 = 18,4 (1)
PT: \(MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(CaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{MgCO_3}+n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ nMgCO3 = nCaCO3 = 0,1 (mol)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaSO_4}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{MgSO_4}}=C_{M_{CaSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ n_{MgCO_3}=a;n_{CaCO_3}=b\\ MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\)
a a a a a
\(CaCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+CO_2+H_2O\)
b b b b b
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}84a+100b=18,4\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=b=0,1mol\\ C_{M_{MgSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\ C_{M_{CaSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
PTHH: \(K_2O+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O\)
\(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2O}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot94}{0,1\cdot94+0,3\cdot158}\cdot100\%\approx16,55\%\\\%m_{K_2SO_3}=83,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{KCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=74,5\cdot0,8=59,6\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{hh}=56,8\left(g\right)\\m_{SO_2}=0,3\cdot64=19,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{SO_2}=237,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{59,6}{237,6}\cdot100\%\approx25,1\%\)
,NguBùi Hà Chiyệt Trâm Anh