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bài 1
a CO-OB=BA
<=.> CO = BA +OB
<=> CO=OA ( LUÔN ĐÚNG )=>ĐPCM
b AB-BC=DB
<=> AB=DB+BC
<=> AB=DC(LUÔN ĐÚNG )=> ĐPCM
Cc DA-DB=OD-OC
<=> DA+BD= OD+CO
<=> BA= CD (LUÔN ĐÚNG )=> ĐPCM
d DA-DB+DC=0
VT= DA +BD+DC
= BA+DC
Mà BA=CD(CMT)
=> VT= CD+DC=O
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{MB}=\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AB}=-\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AB}\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=2\overrightarrow{ND}=2\left(\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=-2\overrightarrow{AN}+2\overrightarrow{AD}\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{AN}=2\overrightarrow{AD}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
Do K là trung điểm MN
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
Theo tính chất hbh: \(\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
Do O là tâm hình bình hành \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AO}=\overrightarrow{OC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
Mà H là trung điểm OC \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{OH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{OC}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AH}=\overrightarrow{AO}+\overrightarrow{OH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KH}=\overrightarrow{KA}+\overrightarrow{AH}=-\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{AH}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{5}{12}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AN}=2\overrightarrow{ND}\)
=>A,N,D thẳng hàng và AN=2ND
ABCD là hình bình hành tâm O
=>O là trung điểm chung của AC và BD
H là trung điểm của OC
nên HO=HC=1/2CO
=>\(HO=HC=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot CA=\dfrac{1}{4}CA\)
\(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{MB}\)
=>AM=MB và M nằm giữa A và B
=>M là trung điểm của AB
AN+ND=AD
=>2ND+ND=AD
=>AD=3ND
=>AN/AD=2/3
=>\(\overrightarrow{AN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\overrightarrow{KH}=\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MH}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{NM}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CH}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{5}{12}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\overrightarrow{NC}=2\overrightarrow{ND}=2\overrightarrow{NC}+2\overrightarrow{CD}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{NC}=2\overrightarrow{DC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{CD}\)
a.
\(\overrightarrow{DM}=\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}+2\overrightarrow{CD}=-2\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)
b.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\\\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{5}{4}\overrightarrow{BD}\)
Gọi \(E\left(0;a\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{EA}=\left(1;3-a\right)\\\overrightarrow{EB}=\left(-3;1-a\right)\\\overrightarrow{EC}=\left(5;-6-a\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow T=\overrightarrow{EA}+3\overrightarrow{EB}-2\overrightarrow{EC}=\left(-18;18-2a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|T\right|=\sqrt{18^2+\left(18-2a\right)^2}\ge18\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(18-2a=0\Leftrightarrow a=9\)
\(\Rightarrow E\left(0;9\right)\)
Gọi H và K lần lượt là trung điểm AC và BC .
\(VT=\overrightarrow{EA}+\overrightarrow{EB}+2\overrightarrow{EC}=\left(\overrightarrow{EA}+\overrightarrow{EC}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{EB}+\overrightarrow{EC}\right)\)
\(=2\overrightarrow{EH}+2\overrightarrow{EK}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{DC}+2\overrightarrow{AB}=3\overrightarrow{AB}\) ( ĐPCM )