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\(a\left(b^2+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab^2+ac^2+bc^2+ba^2+c\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+c^2+ca+cb\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
Từ đó a = -b hoặc b = -c hoặc c = -a
Nếu a = -b mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=1\Rightarrow\left(-b\right)^3+b^3+c^3=1\Rightarrow c^3=1\Rightarrow c=1\)
Khi đó: \(A=\frac{1}{\left(-b\right)^{2017}}+\frac{1}{b^{2017}}+\frac{1}{1^{2017}}=0+1=1\)
Tương tự với các trường hợp b = -c và a = -c, ta tính được A = 1
\(a+b+c=2020\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(b+c\right)+a\left(ab+ac\right)+abc-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(b+c\right)+a^2\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac+a^2\right)\left(b+c\right)=0\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
Nếu a + b = 0 thì c = 2020
Nếu b + c = 0 thì a = 2020
Nếu a + c = 0 thì b = 2020
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc+ac+ab}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+bc\right)=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+a^2c+abc+ab^2+abc+b^2c+abc+ac^2+bc^2=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow...\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(TH1:a=-b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2020}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2020}\Leftrightarrow c=2020\)
Các trường hợp kia tương tự
câu a) sáng giải
b) \(\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\ge\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{2}=\frac{4^2}{2}=8>4\) vô nghiệm
a) ĐK: \(x,y\ne-1\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2+x+y=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(1\right)\\\left(\frac{x}{y+1}\right)^2+\left(\frac{y}{x+1}\right)^2=1\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
(1) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x^2+x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y^2+y}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(y+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}=1\) (3)
(2) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}\right)^2-\frac{2xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2xy=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
Lại có: \(\left(\frac{x}{y+1}\right)^2+\left(\frac{y}{x+1}\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{\left(\frac{xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}\right)^2}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{x}{y+1}=\frac{y}{x+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2x}{y+1}=1\\2\left(\frac{x}{y+1}\right)^2=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y+1}\right)^2-\frac{x}{y+1}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y+1}\left(\frac{x}{y+1}-1\right)=0}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\orbr{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{y+1}=0\\\frac{x}{y+1}-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0;y=1\\x=y+1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}x=y+1}\)
Thay x=y+1 vào (3) ta được: \(\frac{y}{x+1}=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(y=0\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(x=1\) ( tương tự với y ta cũng được x=0;y=1 )
tập nghiệm của pt \(\left(x,y\right)=\left\{\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right)\right\}\)
b) ĐK: \(x,y\ne0\) còn cách khác là dùng cosi nhé, VD: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{1}{y}=4\left(1\right)\\\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2=4\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
lấy (1) + (2) và cộng 2 vào 2 vế của pt mới ta được:
\(10=a^2+1+b^2+1+\left(a+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{a^2}+2\sqrt{a^2}+4=12\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(10\ge12\) (vô lí) => hpt vô nghiệm
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{2}xy+\frac{3}{2}x+y+3=\frac{1}{2}xy+50\\\frac{1}{2}xy-x-y+2=\frac{1}{2}xy-32\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{3}{2}x+y=47\\-x-y=-34\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=26\\y=8\end{cases}}\)
Vậy pt có một nghiệm duy nhất (x;y) = (26;8).
Ta có :\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=6\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=36\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=36\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=12\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{a^2}+\frac{2}{b^2}+\frac{2}{c^2}=\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ca}\)
=> \(\frac{2}{a^2}+\frac{2}{b^2}+\frac{2}{c^2}-\frac{2}{ab}-\frac{2}{bc}-\frac{2}{ca}=0\)
=> \(\left(\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^2}-\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{2}{ac}+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2=0\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}=0\\\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{c}=0\\\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a}=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Khi đó \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=6\Leftrightarrow3\frac{1}{a}=6\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}=2\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Khi đó Đặt P = \(\left(\frac{1}{a}-3\right)^{2020}+\left(\frac{1}{b}-3\right)^{2020}+\left(\frac{1}{c}-3\right)^{2020}\)
= (2 - 3)2020 + (2 - 3)2020 + (2 - 3)2020
= 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
Vậy P = 3