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\(a,u_1+u_n=u_1+\left[u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]=u_1+u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=\left[u_1+d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-2\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_k+u_{n-k+1}=\left[u_1+\left(k-1\right)d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-k+1-1\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)
\(b,u_1+u_n=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_n+u_1=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)
Cộng vế với vế, ta được:
\(2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left(u_1+u_n\right)\)
a) Ta có:
\(\left. \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + {u_n} = {u_1} + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d = 2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\\{u_2} + {u_{n - 1}} = {u_1} + d + \left( {n - 2} \right)d = {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\\{u_n} + {u_1} = {u_1} + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d = 2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\end{array} \right\} \Rightarrow {u_1} + {u_n} = {u_2} + {u_{n - 1}} = ... = {u_n} + {u_1}\)
b) Dựa vào công thức vừa chứng minh ta có: \(n\left( {{u_1} + {u_n}} \right)\) = \(2{S_n}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}{u_1} = \frac{1}{{1.2}} = \frac{1}{2}\\{u_2} = \frac{1}{{1.2}} + \frac{1}{{2.3}} = \frac{2}{3}\\{u_3} = \frac{1}{{1.2}} + \frac{1}{{2.3}} + \frac{1}{{3.4}} = \frac{3}{4}\\{u_n} = \frac{n}{{n + 1}}\end{array}\)
a) \({u_2} = {u_1} + d\)
\({u_3} = {u_1} + 2d\)
…
\({u_{n - 1}} = {u_1} + \left( {n - 2} \right)d\)
\({u_n} = {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\)
\({S_n} = {u_1} + {u_1} + 2d + \ldots + {u_1} + \left( {n - 2} \right)d + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\)
b) \({S_n} = {u_n} + {u_{n - 1}} + \ldots + {u_2} + {u_1} = {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d + {u_1} + \left( {n - 2} \right)d + \ldots + {u_1} + d + {u_1}\)
c) \(2{S_n} = \left( {{u_1} + {u_1} + d + \ldots + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d} \right) + \left( {{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d + {u_1} + \left( {n - 2} \right)d + \ldots + {u_1}} \right)\).
\( \Rightarrow 2{S_n} = n.\left( {2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d} \right)\)
\( \Rightarrow {S_n} = \frac{n}{2}\left( {2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d} \right)\)
Ta có:
\(nu_{n+2}-\left(3n+1\right)u_{n+1}+2\left(n+1\right)u_n=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(u_{n+2}-2u_{n+1}\right)-\left(n+1\right)\left(u_{n+1}-2u_n\right)=3\)
Đặt \(u_{n+1}-2u_n=v_n\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_2-2u_1=-2-2.\left(-1\right)=0\\nv_{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)v_n=3\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{n+1}v_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n}v_n=\dfrac{3}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2}v_2-v_1=\dfrac{3}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3}v_3-\dfrac{1}{2}v_2=\dfrac{3}{2.3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4}v_4-\dfrac{1}{3}v_3=\dfrac{3}{3.4}\)
\(...\)
\(\dfrac{1}{n}v_n-\dfrac{1}{n-1}v_{n-1}=\dfrac{3}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{n+1}v_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n}v_n=\dfrac{3}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{n+1}v_{n+1}-v_1=3\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=3n\Leftrightarrow v_n=3\left(n-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}-2u_n=3\left(n-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}+3\left(n+1\right)=2\left(u_n+3n\right)\)
Đặt \(a_n=u_n+3n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1=u_1+3=2\\a_{n+1}=2a_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a_n=2^n\)\(\Rightarrow u_n=2^n-3n\)\(,\forall n\in N\text{*}\)
2:
a: \(u_1=\dfrac{2-1}{1+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(u_2=\dfrac{2\cdot2-1}{2+1}=1\)
\(u_3=\dfrac{2\cdot3-1}{3+1}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(u_4=\dfrac{2\cdot4-1}{4+1}=\dfrac{7}{5}\)
b: Đặt \(\dfrac{2n-1}{n+1}=\dfrac{13}{7}\)
=>7(2n-1)=13(n+1)
=>14n-7=13n+13
=>n=20
=>13/7 là số hạng thứ 20 trong dãy
1:
a: u1=1^2-1=0
u2=2^2-1=3
u3=3^2-1=8
u4=4^2-1=15
b: 99=n^2-1
=>n^2=100
mà n>=0
nên n=10
=>99 là số thứ 10 trong dãy
1:
a:
u1=1^2+1=2
u2=2^2+1=5
u3=3^2+1=10
u4=4^2+1=17
b: Đặt 101=n^2+1
=>n^2=100
=>n=10
=>101 là số hạng thứ 10
2:
a: \(u1=\dfrac{1+1}{2-1}=2\)
\(u2=\dfrac{2+1}{2\cdot2-1}=\dfrac{3}{3}=1\)
\(u_3=\dfrac{3+1}{2\cdot3-1}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(u_4=\dfrac{4+1}{2\cdot4-1}=\dfrac{5}{7}\)
b: Đặt \(\dfrac{n+1}{2n-1}=\dfrac{31}{59}\)
=>59(n+1)=31(2n-1)
=>62n-31=59n+59
=>3n=90
=>n=30
=>31/59 là số hạng thứ 30 trong dãy
\(\frac{1}{{{n_1}}};\frac{1}{{{n_2}}};...;\frac{1}{{{n_n}}};...\)\(\)