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\(f\left(x\right)-\left(x+1\right)f'\left(x\right)=2x.f^2\left(x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{f\left(x\right)-\left(x+1\right)f'\left(x\right)}{f^2\left(x\right)}=2x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\dfrac{x+1}{f\left(x\right)}\right]'=2x\)
Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:
\(\dfrac{x+1}{f\left(x\right)}=\int2xdx=x^2+C\)
Thay \(x=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{f\left(1\right)}=1+C\Rightarrow C=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x+1}{x^2}\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_1\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)dx=\left(lnx-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)|^2_1=ln2+\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(2x.f'\left(x\right)-f\left(x\right)=x^2\sqrt{x}.cosx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}.f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2x\sqrt{x}}f\left(x\right)=x.cosx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{f\left(x\right)}{\sqrt{x}}\right]'=x.cosx\)
Lấy nguyên hàm 2 vế:
\(\int\left[\dfrac{f\left(x\right)}{\sqrt{x}}\right]'dx=\int x.cosxdx\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{f\left(x\right)}{\sqrt{x}}=x.sinx+cosx+C\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=x\sqrt{x}.sinx+\sqrt{x}.cosx+C.\sqrt{x}\)
Thay \(x=4\pi\)
\(\Rightarrow0=4\pi.\sqrt{4\pi}.sin\left(4\pi\right)+\sqrt{4\pi}.cos\left(4\pi\right)+C.\sqrt{4\pi}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=x\sqrt{x}.sinx+\sqrt{x}.cosx-\sqrt{x}\)
Từ GT ta lấy tích phân 2 vế cận từ 0 đến 1 ; sẽ được :
\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx+\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx-\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)dx-\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\int\limits^1_0\dfrac{3dx}{\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}=\int\limits^1_03\left(\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)dx\) =
\(2\left[\left(x+2\right)\sqrt{x+2}-\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}\right]\dfrac{1}{0}\) = \(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\left(2\right)\)
Dễ thấy : \(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x+1\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\int\limits^1_03f\left(3x+2\right)dx=\int\limits^5_2f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx\) (3)
\(\int\limits^1_04f\left(4x+1\right)=\int\limits^5_1f\left(t\right)dt=\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx\left(4\right)\)
\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(2^x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{tln2}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(t\right)dt}{t}=\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}\) (5)
Thay (2) ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) vào (1) ta được :
\(\int\limits^2_1f\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^5_2f\left(x\right)dx-\int\limits^5_1f\left(x\right)dx-\dfrac{1}{ln2}.\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_1\dfrac{f\left(x\right)dx}{x}=\left(2+6\sqrt{3}-8\sqrt{2}\right)ln2\)
Xét \(I=\int\limits^1_0x^2f\left(x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{3}x^3.f\left(x\right)|^1_0-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx=-\dfrac{1}{3}\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0x^3f'\left(x\right)dx=-1\)
Lại có: \(\int\limits^1_0x^6.dx=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2dx+14\int\limits^1_0x^3.f'\left(x\right)dx+49.\int\limits^1_0x^6dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left[f'\left(x\right)+7x^3\right]^2dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)+7x^3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=-7x^3\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\int-7x^3dx=-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+C\)
\(f\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^1_0\left(-\dfrac{7}{4}x^4+\dfrac{7}{4}\right)dx=...\)
Cho hàm số y=f(x)y=f(x) có đạo hàm và liên tục trên [0;π2][0;π2]thoả mãn f(x)=f′(x)−2cosxf(x)=f′(x)−2cosx. Biết f(π2)=1f(π2)=1, tính giá trị f(π3)f(π3)
A. √3+1/2 B. √3−1/2 C. 1−√3/2 D. 0
Khi gặp dạng này, ý tưởng là sẽ tìm 1 hàm u(x) sao cho:
\(\int\limits^b_a\left[f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)\right]^2dx=0\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-u\left(x\right)=0\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=u\left(x\right)\)
Khai triển (1), đề cho sẵn \(\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2\) nên đại lượng \(2u\left(x\right).f'\left(x\right)\) và hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) sẽ được suy ra từ việc tích phân từng phần \(\int\limits f\left(x\right)dx\). Cụ thể:
Xét \(I=\dfrac{2}{3}=\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.f\left(x\right)|^2_0-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)dx=2-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) (2)
(Vậy đến đây hàm \(u\left(x\right)\) được xác định là dạng \(u\left(x\right)=k.x\)
Để tìm cụ thể giá trị k:
Từ (1) ta suy luận tiếp:
\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-kx\right]^2dx=0\Leftrightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-2k\int\limits^2_0x.f'\left(x\right)dx+\int\limits^2_0k^2x^2dx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{3}-2k.\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{8}{3}k^2=0\) do \(\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow k=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow u\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\) coi như xong bài toán)
Do đó ta có:
\(\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)\right]^2-\int\limits^2_0xf'\left(x\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\int\limits^2_0x^2dx=\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{8}{3}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0\left[f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x\right]^2dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+C\)
Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow1=1+C\Rightarrow C=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}x^2\)
Nhớ bổ đề này: \(\int\limits^b_af\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^b_af\left(a+b-x\right)dx\) . Chứng minh thì đơn giản th nên bạn tự chứng minh
\(S_2=\int\limits^2_{-1}f\left(x\right)dx\)
\(S_1=\int\limits^2_{-1}xf\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_{-1}\left(1-x\right)f\left(1-x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_{-1}f\left(x\right)dx-\int\limits^2_{-1}xf\left(x\right)dx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\int\limits^2_{-1}xf\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_{-1}f\left(x\right)dx\Leftrightarrow2S_1=S_2\)