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a) Ta có:
\(\frac{{9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{27{{\rm{x}}^3} - 1}} = \frac{{9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {9{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} - 1}}\)
\(\frac{{{x^2} - 4{\rm{x}}}}{{16 - {x^2}}} = \frac{{x\left( {x - 4} \right)}}{{\left( {4 - x} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)}} = \frac{{ - x\left( {4 - x} \right)}}{{\left( {4 - x} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)}} = \frac{{ - x}}{{4 + x}}\)
b) Mẫu thức chung của hai phân thức nhân được ở câu a là: \(\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)\)
Nhân tử phụ của \(\frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} - 1}}\) là: \(4 + x\)
Nhân tử phụ của \(\frac{{ - x}}{{4 + x}}\) là : \(3{\rm{x}} - 1\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{{3{\rm{x}} - 1}} = \frac{{4 + x}}{{\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {4 + x} \right)}}\)
\(\frac{{ - x}}{{4 + x}} = \frac{{ - x\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {4 + x} \right)\left( {3{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}\)
\(\)\(a)\frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}\)và \(\frac{5}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y}}\)
Ta có: MTC là : \(12{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^2}\).
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}}}\)là 3x
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{5}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y}}\)là 2y
Khi đó: \(\frac{1}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}}} = \frac{{1.3{\rm{x}}}}{{4{\rm{x}}{y^2}.3{\rm{x}}}} = \frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{12{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^2}}}\)
\(\frac{5}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y}} = \frac{{5.2y}}{{6{{\rm{x}}^2}y.2y}} = \frac{{10y}}{{12{{\rm{x}}^2}{y^2}}}\)
\(b)\frac{9}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36}}\)và \(\frac{1}{{{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9}}\).
Ta có: \(\begin{array}{l}4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36 = 4({x^2} - 9) = 4(x - 3)(x + 3)\\{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9 = {(x + 3)^2}\end{array}\)
MTC là: \(4(x - 3){(x + 3)^2}\)
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{9}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36}}\)là: x + 3
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức \(\frac{1}{{{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9}}\)là 4(x – 3)
Khi đó: \(\begin{array}{l}\frac{9}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 36}} = \frac{9}{{4({x^2} - 9)}} = \frac{9}{{4(x - 3)(x + 3)}} = \frac{{9(x + 3)}}{{4(x - 3){{(x + 3)}^2}}}\\\frac{1}{{{x^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 9}} = \frac{1}{{{{(x + 3)}^2}}} = \frac{{4(x - 3)}}{{4(x - 3){{(x + 3)}^2}}}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}a)\frac{{4{\rm{x}} - 6}}{{5{{\rm{x}}^2} - x}}.\frac{{25{{\rm{x}}^2} - 10{\rm{x}} + 1}}{{27 + 8{{\rm{x}}^3}}}\\ = \frac{{ - 2\left( {3 - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)}}{{x\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}.\frac{{{{\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}^2}}}{{\left( {3 - 2{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {9 + 6{\rm{x}} + 4{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 2\left( {5{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{x\left( {9 + 6{\rm{x}} + 4{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right)}}\\b)\frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}:\frac{{{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^3}}}{{{x^2} - 9}}\\ = \frac{{2{\rm{x}} + 10}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 9}}{{{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x + 5} \right)\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{{{\left( {x - 3} \right)}^2}{{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^3}}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 3} \right){{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}}\end{array}\)
a)
\(\begin{array}{l}P + \frac{1}{{x + 2}} = \frac{x}{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 4}}\\P = \frac{x}{{{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 4}} - \frac{1}{{x + 2}}\\P = \frac{{x\left( {x + 2} \right) - {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} - 4}}{{\left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}} + 4} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}\\P = \frac{{{x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} - {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}} + 4}}{{{x^3} + 8}}\\P = \frac{{4{\rm{x}} - 4}}{{{x^3} + 8}}\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}P - \frac{{4\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{x + 2}} = \frac{{16}}{{x - 2}}\\P = \frac{{16}}{{x - 2}} + \frac{{4\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{x + 2}}\\P = \frac{{16\left( {x + 2} \right) + 4\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}\\P = \frac{{16{\rm{x}} + 32 + 4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 16{\rm{x}} + 16}}{{\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}\\P = \frac{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 48}}{{{x^2} - 4}}\end{array}\)
c)
\(\begin{array}{l}P.\frac{{x - 2}}{{x + 3}} = \frac{{{x^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 4}}{{{x^2} - 9}}\\ \Rightarrow P = \frac{{{x^2} - 4{\rm{x}} + 4}}{{{x^2} - 9}}.\frac{{x + 3}}{{x - 2}}\\P = \frac{{{{(x - 2)}^2}(x + 3)}}{{(x - 3)(x + 3)(x - 2)}} = \frac{{x - 2}}{{x - 3}}\end{array}\)\(\)
d)
\(\begin{array}{l}P:\frac{{{x^2} - 9}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 4}} = \frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{{x^2} + 3{\rm{x}}}}\\ \Rightarrow P = \frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{{x^2} + 3{\rm{x}}}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 9}}{{2{\rm{x}} + 4}}\\P = \frac{{(x - 2)(x + 2)(x - 3)(x + 3)}}{{2{\rm{x}}(x + 3)(x + 2)}}\\P = \frac{{(x - 2)(x - 3)}}{{2{\rm{x}}}}\end{array}\)
a) P=\(\dfrac{4x-4}{x^3-8}\)( lấy VP-VT)
b)P=\(\dfrac{4x^2+48}{x^2-4}\) ( chuyển VT và thành VP+VT)
c) P=\(\dfrac{x-2}{x-3}\) ( chuyển VT thành VP.VT là ra)
d) \(\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}{2x}\)( lấy VP.VT)
a) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{{x^2} + 5{\rm{x}}}}{{(x - 10)({x^2} + 10{\rm{x}} + 25)}} = \frac{{x\left( {x + 5} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 10} \right){{\left( {x + 5} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{x}{{\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\left( {x + 5 \ne 0} \right)\\ \Rightarrow P = \frac{x}{{\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{{x^2} + 10{\rm{x}}}}{{{x^4} - 100{{\rm{x}}^2}}} = \frac{{x\left( {x + 10} \right)}}{{{x^2}\left( {{x^2} - 100} \right)}} = \frac{{x\left( {x + 10} \right)}}{{{x^2}\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 10} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)}}\\ \Rightarrow Q = \frac{1}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)}}\end{array}\)
b) MTC là: \(x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)\)
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức P là: x
Nhân tử phụ của phân thức Q là: (x + 5)
Khi đó:
\(P = \frac{x}{{\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \frac{{x.x}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \frac{{{x^2}}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\)
\(Q = \frac{1}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)}} = \frac{{1.\left( {x + 5} \right)}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}} = \frac{{x + 5}}{{x\left( {x - 10} \right)\left( {x + 5} \right)}}\)
a)
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{2}{{3{\rm{x}}}} + \frac{x}{{x - 1}} + \frac{{6{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4}}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{2}{{3{\rm{x}}}} - \frac{x}{{1 - x}} + \frac{{6{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4}}{{2{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{4\left( {1 - x} \right) - 6{{\rm{x}}^2} + 3\left( {6{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4} \right)}}{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{4 - 4{\rm{x}} - 6{{\rm{x}}^2} + 18{{\rm{x}}^2} - 12}}{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{12{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4{\rm{x}} - 8}}{{6{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - x} \right)}}\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{{x^3} + 1}}{{1 - {x^3}}} + \frac{x}{{x - 1}} - \frac{{x + 1}}{{{x^2} + x + 1}}\\ = \frac{{ - {x^3} - 1}}{{{x^3} - 1}} + \frac{x}{{x - 1}} - \frac{{x + 1}}{{{x^2} + x + 1}}\\ = \frac{{ - {x^3} - 1 + x\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right) - \left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - {x^3} - 1 + {x^3} + {x^2} + x - {x^2} + 1}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} + x + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{x}{{{x^3} - 1}}\end{array}\)
c)
\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {\frac{2}{{x + 2}} - \frac{2}{{1 - x}}} \right).\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{2\left( {1 - x} \right) - 2\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{2 - 2{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} - 4}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{ - 4{\rm{x - 2}}}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)}}.\frac{{{x^2} - 4}}{{4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1}}\\ = \frac{{\left( { - 4{\rm{x}} - 2} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)\left( {x + 2} \right)}}{{\left( {x + 2} \right)\left( {1 - x} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 8{\rm{x}} - 2{\rm{x}} + 4}}{{\left( {1 - x} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)\left( {2{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)}}\\ = \frac{{ - 4{{\rm{x}}^2} + 6{\rm{x}} + 4}}{{\left( {1 - x} \right)\left( {4{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1} \right)}}\end{array}\)
d)
\(\begin{array}{l}1 + \frac{{{x^3} - x}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{{1 - {x^2}}}} \right)\\ = 1 + \frac{{{x^3} - x}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\left( {\frac{1}{{1 - x}} - \frac{1}{{1 - {x^2}}}} \right)\\ = 1 + \frac{{{x^3} - x}}{{{x^2} + 1}}.\frac{{1 + x - 1}}{{1 - {x^2}}}\\ = 1 + \frac{{x\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}{{{x^2} + 1}}.\frac{x}{{1 - {x^2}}}\\ = 1 + \frac{{ - {x^2}\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}{{\left( {{x^2} + 1} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 1} \right)}}\\ = 1 + \frac{{ - {x^2}}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\\ = \frac{{{x^2} + 1 - {x^2}}}{{{x^2} + 1}}\\ = \frac{1}{{{x^2} + 1}}\end{array}\)
a) Đây là kết luận đúng vì: \( - 6.2{y^2} = - 3y.4y\)
b) Đây là kết luận đúng vì: \(5{\rm{x}}\left( {x + 3} \right) = 5\left( {{x^2} + 3{\rm{x}}} \right) = 5{{\rm{x}}^2} + 15{\rm{x}}\)
c) Đây là kết luận đúng vì: \(3{\rm{x}}\left( {4{\rm{x}} + 1} \right)\left( {1 - 4{\rm{x}}} \right) = 3{\rm{x}}\left( {1 - 16{{\rm{x}}^2}} \right) = - 3{\rm{x}}\left( {16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 1} \right)\)
\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1}}{{4{\rm{x}} - 1}} = \frac{{8{{\rm{x}}^3} + 4{\rm{x}}}}{Q}\\ \Rightarrow Q = \frac{{\left( {8{{\rm{x}}^3} + 4{\rm{x}}} \right)\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1}}\\Q = \frac{{4{\rm{x}}\left( {2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1} \right)\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right)}}{{2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 1}}\\Q = 4{\rm{x}}\left( {4{\rm{x}} - 1} \right) = 16{{\rm{x}}^2} - 4{\rm{x}}\end{array}\)
Đáp án D
Ta có: \(\frac{{{\rm{ - a}}{{\rm{x}}^2}{\rm{ - ax}}}}{{{x^2} - 1}} = \frac{{ - a\left( {{x^2} + x} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{ - ax\left( {x + 1} \right)}}{{\left( {x - 1} \right)\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \frac{{{\rm{ - ax}}}}{{x - 1}}\)
Để hai phân thức sau bằng nhau: \(\frac{{{\rm{ - a}}{{\rm{x}}^2}{\rm{ - ax}}}}{{{x^2} - 1}}\) và \(\frac{{3{\rm{x}}}}{{x - 1}}\) khi và chỉ khi a = -3
\(a,P=\dfrac{x^2+6x+9}{x^2+3x}\\ =\dfrac{x^2+2\cdot3\cdot x+3^2}{x\left(x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{x\left(x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+3}{x}\\ Q=\dfrac{x^2+3x}{x^2-9}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x}{x-3}\\ b,P\cdot Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}\cdot\dfrac{x}{x-3}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\cdot x}{x\cdot\left(x-3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+3}{x-3}\\ P:Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}:\dfrac{x}{x-3}\\ =\dfrac{x+3}{x}\cdot\dfrac{x-3}{x}\\ =\dfrac{x^2-9}{x^2}\)
a) P= \(\dfrac{x^2+6x+9}{x^2+3x}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{x\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x+3}{x}\)
Q= \(\dfrac{x^2+3x}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x}{x-3}\)
b)\(P.Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}.\dfrac{x}{x-3}=1\)
\(P:Q=\dfrac{x+3}{x}:\dfrac{x}{x-3}=\dfrac{x+3}{x}.\dfrac{x-3}{x}=\dfrac{x^2-9}{x^2}\)