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a) Xét f(u) = \(\dfrac{u^p}{p}+\dfrac{v^q}{q}-uv,u\ge0\)
( Xem v > 0 vì v = 0 : BĐT luôn đúng )
f '(u) = up-1 - v = 0 \(\Leftrightarrow\) up-1 = v \(\Leftrightarrow\) u = \(v^{\dfrac{q}{p}}\)
Vẽ bảng biến thiên ( tự vẽ )
Vậy \(uv\le\dfrac{u^p}{p}+\dfrac{v^q}{q}\)
b)* Nếu \(\int\limits^b_a\left|f\left(x\right)\right|^pdx=0\) hay \(\int\limits^b_a\left|g\left(x\right)\right|^qdx=0\)thì \(f\equiv0\)hay \(g\equiv0\) BĐT luôn đúng
Xét \(\int\limits^b_a\left|f\left(x\right)\right|^pdx>0\) và \(\int\limits^b_a\left|g\left(x\right)\right|^qdx>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT câu (a) :
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{\left|f\left(x\right)\right|}{\left(\int\limits^b_a\left|f\left(x\right)\right|^pdx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{p}}}>0\\v=\dfrac{\left|g\left(x\right)\right|}{\left(\int\limits^b_a\left|g\left(x\right)\right|^qdx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{q}}}>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(uv\le\dfrac{u^p}{p}+\dfrac{v^q}{q}\left(1\right)\)
Lấy tích phân từ a \(\rightarrow\) b 2 vế BĐT (1) ta được :
\(\int\limits^b_auvdx\le\dfrac{1}{p}+\dfrac{1}{q}=1\)
Vậy : \(\int\limits^b_a\left|f\left(x\right).g\left(x\right)\right|dx\le\left(\int\limits^b_a\left|f\left(x\right)^p\right|dx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{p}}\left(\int\limits^b_a\left|g\left(x\right)^q\right|dx\right)^{\dfrac{1}{q}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)(Đpcm )
a, \(\left|x+2\right|+\left|-2x+1\right|\le x+1\left(1\right)\)
TH1: \(x\le-2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1\le-1< \left|x+2\right|+\left|-2x+1\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\) vô nghiệm
TH2: \(-2< x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x+2-2x+1\le x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left[1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right]\)
TH3: \(x>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x+2+2x-1\le x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) vô nghiệm
Vậy \(x\in\left[1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right]\)
b, \(\left|x+2\right|-\left|x-1\right|< x-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
TH1: \(x\le-2\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow-x-2+x-1< x-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) vô nghiệm
TH2: \(-2< x\le1\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow x+2+x-1< x-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x< -\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) vô nghiệm
TH3: \(x>1\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow x+2-x+1< x-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x>\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left(\dfrac{9}{2};+\infty\right)\)
Vậy \(x\in\left(\dfrac{9}{2};+\infty\right)\)
- Nếu \(a_i=0\) ; \(\forall i\in\left(0;n-1\right)\Rightarrow a_nx^n=0\Rightarrow\alpha=0< 1\) thỏa mãn
- Nếu tồn tại \(a_i\ne0\), đặt \(max\left|\dfrac{a_i}{a_n}\right|=A>0\)
Do \(\alpha\) là nghiệm nên:
\(a_n\alpha^n+a_{n-1}\alpha^{n-1}+...+a_1\alpha+a_0=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_0}{a_n}+\dfrac{a_1}{a_n}\alpha+...+\dfrac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}\alpha^{n-1}=-\alpha^n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\alpha^n\right|=\left|\dfrac{a_0}{a_n}+\dfrac{a_1}{a_n}\alpha+...+\dfrac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}\alpha^{n-1}\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\alpha^n\right|\le\left|\dfrac{a_0}{a_n}\right|+\left|\dfrac{a_1}{a_n}\right|.\left|\alpha\right|+...+\left|\dfrac{a_{n-1}}{a_n}\right|.\left|\alpha^{n-1}\right|\le A+A.\left|\alpha\right|+...+A.\left|\alpha^{n-1}\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\alpha^n\right|\le A\left(1+\left|\alpha\right|+\left|\alpha^2\right|+...+\left|\alpha^{n-1}\right|\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\alpha^n\right|\le A.\dfrac{\left|\alpha^n\right|-1}{\left|\alpha\right|-1}\)
TH1: Nếu \(\left|\alpha\right|\le1\) hiển nhiên ta có \(\left|\alpha\right|< 1+A\) (đpcm)
TH2: Nếu \(\left|\alpha\right|>1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\alpha^n\right|\le\dfrac{A.\left|\alpha^n\right|}{\left|\alpha\right|-1}-\dfrac{A}{\left|\alpha\right|-1}< \dfrac{A.\left|\alpha^n\right|}{\left|\alpha\right|-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\alpha\right|-1< A\Rightarrow\left|\alpha\right|< 1+A\) (đpcm)