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Bài 1:
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3}{a+2b}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{b+2c}}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{c+2a}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+2b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{2b}}\ge\frac{9}{\sqrt{\left(1+2\right)\left(a+2b\right)}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{a+2b}}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{b+2c}};\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(3\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\ge3\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+2b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\ge\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+2b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2c}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2a}}\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 2: làm mãi ko ra hình như đề sai, thử a=1/2;b=4;c=1/2
Bài 2/
\(\frac{bc}{a^2b+a^2c}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+b^2a}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+c^2b}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2c^2b}+\frac{c^2a^2}{b^2c^2a+b^2a^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2a^2b+c^2b^2a}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{c^2a^2}{bc+ba}+\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+cb}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{ab.bc.ca}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(a^2+2b^2+ab=\frac{7}{16}\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{9}{16}\left(a+\frac{5}{3}b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+ab}=\sqrt{\frac{7}{16}\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{9}{16}\left(a+\frac{5}{3}b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{9}{16}\left(a+\frac{5}{3}b\right)^2}=\frac{3}{4}\left(a+\frac{5}{3}b\right)\)
Tương tự \(\sqrt{b^2+2c^2+bc}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(b+\frac{5}{3}c\right),\sqrt{c^2+2a^2+ac}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(c+\frac{5}{3}a\right)\)
Cộng lại vế theo vế ta được:
\(\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+ab}+\sqrt{b^2+2c^2+bc}+\sqrt{c^2+2a^2+ca}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(a+\frac{5}{3}b+b+\frac{5}{3}c+c+\frac{5}{3}a\right)\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)\).
Dấu \(=\)khi \(a=b=c\ge0\).
Còn cách khác nè :
Đặt \(P=\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+ab}+\sqrt{b^2+2c^2+bc}+\sqrt{c^2+2a^2+ac}\)
Ta chứng minh \(P\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(2P=\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(a^2+2b^2+ab\right)}+\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(b^2+2c^2+bc\right)}+\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(c^2+2a^2+ac\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt bunyakovsky ta được:
\(2P\ge a+2b+\sqrt{ab}+b+2c+\sqrt{bc}+c+2a+\sqrt{ac}\)
\(=3\left(a+b+c\right)+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)\left(AM-GM\right)\)
Suy ra \(P\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
a)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT^2=\left(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\right)^2\)
\(\le2\cdot\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le6\Rightarrow VT\le\sqrt{6}=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
b)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT^2=\left(\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}}}+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c+Σ\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}}\right)\)
\(=3\left(6+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}\right)\)
Đặt \(A^2=\left(\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)\)
\(=3\left(6+\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)\)
Đặt tiếp: \(B^2=\left(\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)^2\)
\(\le2\cdot\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\le36\Rightarrow B\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow A^2\le3\left(6+\sqrt{2a}+\sqrt{2b}+\sqrt{2c}\right)\le3\cdot12=36\Rightarrow A\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le3\left(6+\sqrt{b+\sqrt{2c}+\sqrt{c+\sqrt{2a}}}+\sqrt{a+\sqrt{2b}}\right)\)
\(\le3\left(6+6\right)=3\cdot12=36\Rightarrow VT\le6=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM dạng $x^2+y^2\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}$ ta có:
\(2a^2+ab+2b^2=\frac{4a^2+2ab+4b^2}{2}=\frac{(a+b)^2+3(a^2+b^2)}{2}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2+\frac{3}{2}(a+b)^2}{2}=\frac{5}{4}(a+b)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}(a+b)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\( \sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}(b+c); \sqrt{2c^2+ac+2a^2}\geq \frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}(a+c)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}+\sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}+\sqrt{2c^2+ca+2a^2}\geq \sqrt{5}(a+b+c)=\sqrt{5}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{a\left(b+2c\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3a\left(b+2c\right)}}{\sqrt{3}}\le\frac{\frac{3a+b+2c}{2}}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3a+b+2c}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có:\(\sqrt{b\left(c+2a\right)}\le\frac{3b+c+2a}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\sqrt{c\left(a+2b\right)}\le\frac{3c+a+2b}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT lại ta được:
\(VT\le\frac{3a+b+2c}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{3b+c+2a}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{3c+a+2b}{2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{6a+6b+6c}{2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{6.4}{2\sqrt{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
Cân bằng hệ số:
Giả sư: \(2a^2+ab+2b^2=x\left(a+b\right)^2+y\left(a-b\right)^2\) (ta đi tìm x ; y)
\(=xa^2+x.2ab+xb^2+ya^2-y.2ab+yb^2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)a^2+2\left(x-y\right)ab+\left(x+y\right)b^2\)
Đồng nhất hệ số ta được: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=2\\2\left(x-y\right)=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}2x+2y=4\\2x-2y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow4x=5\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{3}{4}\)
Do vậy: \(2a^2+ab+2b^2=\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Tương tự với hai BĐT còn lại,thay vào,thu gọn và đặt thừa số chung,ta được:
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}.2.\left(a+b+c\right)=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}}.2.3=3\sqrt{5}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b =c = 1
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{\sqrt{5a\left(3a+2b\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{\sqrt{5b\left(3b+2c\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{5c\left(3c+2a\right)}}\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc}{\sqrt{5ab\left(3ac+2bc\right)}}+\frac{ac}{\sqrt{5bc\left(3ab+2ac\right)}}+\frac{ab}{\sqrt{5ac\left(3bc+2ab\right)}}\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
Thật vậy, theo AM-GM ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{2bc}{5ab+2bc+3ac}+\frac{2ac}{3ab+5bc+2ac}+\frac{2ab}{2ab+3bc+5ac}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{2x}{2x+3y+5z}+\frac{2y}{5x+2y+3z}+\frac{2z}{3x+5y+2z}=\frac{2x^2}{2x^2+3xy+5zx}+\frac{2y^2}{5xy+2y^2+3yz}+\frac{2z^2}{3zx+5yz+2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{3}{5}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
a/ Nếu (a + b) < 0 thì bất đẳng thức đúng
Với (a + b) \(\ge0\)thì ta có
\(2a^2+ab+2b^2\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2-6ab+3b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
b/ Áp dụng BĐT BCS :
\(1=\left(1.\sqrt{a}+1.\sqrt{b}+1.\sqrt{c}\right)^2\le3\left(a+b+c\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng câu a/ :
\(\sqrt{2a^2+ab+2b^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\sqrt{2b^2+bc+2c^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\sqrt{2c^2+ac+2a^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}.2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{9}\)
Vậy min P = \(\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) khi a=b=c=1/9