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Ta có:
4 A = ( x + y + z + t ) 2 ( x + y + z ) ( x + y ) x y z t ≥ 4 ( x + y + z ) t ( x + y + z ) ( x + y ) x y z t = 4 ( x + y + z ) 2 ( x + y ) x y z ≥ 4.4 ( x + y ) z ( x + y ) x y z = 16 ( x + y ) 2 x y ≥ 16.4 x y x y ≥ 64 ⇒ A ≥ 16
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + y + z + t = 2 x + y + z = t x + y = z x = y ⇔ x = y = 1 4 z = 1 2 t = 1
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
4A = (x + y + z + t)2(x + y + z)(x + y)/xyzt
>= 4(x + y + z)t(x + y + z)(x + y)/xyzt
>= 4(x + y + z)2(x + y)/xyz >= 4 . 4(x + y)z(x + y)/xyz
>= 16(x + y)2/xy >= 16 . 4xy/xy >= 64
=> A >= 16
Xét: \(\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}-\frac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{x^4-y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}=x-y\)(1)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}-\frac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}=y-z\)(2); \(\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}-\frac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}=z-x\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(\left[\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\right]\)\(-\left[\frac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(=\frac{y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Mà \(A=\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)nên \(2A=\frac{x^4+y^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{y^4+z^4}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{z^4+x^4}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(\ge\frac{\frac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2}}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\frac{\left(y^2+z^2\right)^2}{2}}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{\frac{\left(z^2+x^2\right)^2}{2}}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x^2+y^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2+x^2}{z+x}\right)\)\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}{x+y}+\frac{\frac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{2}}{y+z}+\frac{\frac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{2}}{z+x}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)\right]=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)(Do theo giả thiết thì x + y + z = 1)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài này t làm rồi, "nhẹ" không ấy mà :|
Dự đoán khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}\). Ta c/m nó là GTNN của A
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(A=Σ\frac{x^4}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{Σ\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
Cần chứng minh BĐT \(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{Σ\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\ge\frac{x+y+z}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge\left(x+y+z\right)Σ\left(2x^3+x^2y+x^2z\right)\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(2x^4-3x^3y-3x^3z+6x^2y^2-2x^2yz\right)\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(2x^4-3x^3y-3x^3z+4x^2y^2\right)+Σ\left(2x^2y^2-2x^2yz\right)\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(x^4-3x^3y+4x^2y^2-3xy^3+y^4\right)+Σ\left(x^2z^2-2z^2xy+y^2z^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+Σz^2\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
BĐT cuối đúng tức ta có \(A_{Min}=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
P/s: Nguồn lời giải Câu hỏi của Vo Trong Duy - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath, rảnh quá ngồi gõ lại :V
Ta có:
\(4A=\frac{\left(x+y+z+t\right)^2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xyzt}\)
\(\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)t\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xyzt}\)
\(=\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{16\left(x+y\right)z\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{16\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge\frac{64xy}{xy}=64\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge16\)
Đấu = xảy ra khi \(t=2z=4x=4y=1\)
x;y;z;t >0 áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương ta có :
=\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\)
=\(\left(x+y\right)+z\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)z}\)
=\(\left(x+y+z\right)+t\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)t}\)
nhân các vế tương ứng ta có:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y+z+t\right)\ge8\sqrt{xyzt\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
mà x+y+z+t=2
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)2\ge8\sqrt{xyzt\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=\(\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge4\sqrt{xyzt}\)
=\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge16xyzt\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyzt}\ge\frac{16xyzt}{xyzt}=16\)
vậy minB=16 khi\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x+y=z\\x+y+z=t\end{cases}};x+y+z+t=2\Rightarrow x=y=0.25;z=0.5;t=1\)
\(A=\frac{2^2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{4xyzt}=\frac{\left(x+y+z+t\right)^2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{4xyzt}\)
\(A\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)t\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{4xyzt}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y\right)^2z\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\)
\(A\ge\frac{4\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge\frac{16xy}{xy}=16\)
\(A_{min}=16\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z+t=2\\x+y+z=t\\x+y=z\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x;y;z;t\right)=...\)
\(E= {\sum {(yz)^2 \over xy+zx}}\)>=3/2 (AD BĐT Nesbit)
Dấu = xảy ra <=>x=y=z=1
đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow abc=\frac{1}{xyz}=1\)
Ta có : \(x+y=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}=c\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự : \(y+z=a\left(b+c\right);x+z=b\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow E\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của E là \(\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
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