\(a,b,c\ge0\)Chứng minh \(3\le\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{b}+1}+\fra...">
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14 tháng 2 2017

Ta có \(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\le1\)

Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\ge ab+bc+ac\)

\(\Rightarrow1\ge ab+bc+ac\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge a^2+ab+bc+ac\\1+b^2\ge b^2+ab+bc+ac\\1+c^2\ge c^2+ab+bc+ac\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1+a^2}\ge\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}\\\sqrt{1+b^2}\ge\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}\\\sqrt{1+c^2}\ge\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}\le\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}\\\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}\le\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ac}}\\\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\le\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(b+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(c+a\right)+b\left(c+a\right)}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)

Xét \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ngược dấu cho 2 bộ số thực không âm

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\frac{2a+b+c}{2}\\\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{a+2b+c}{2}\\\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\ge\frac{a+b+2c}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{2a}{2b+b+c}\\\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{2b}{a+2b+c}\\\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{2c}{a+b+2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le2\left(\frac{a}{2a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+2b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+2c}\right)\)

Chứng minh rằng: \(2\left(\frac{a}{2a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+2b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+2c}\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+2b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{3}{4}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) với a , b > 0

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{2a+b+c}=\frac{a}{a+c+a+b}\le\frac{a}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{b}{a+2b+c}=\frac{b}{a+b+b+c}\le\frac{b}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{c}{a+b+2c}=\frac{c}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{c}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{a}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{a}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{a}{2a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+2b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+2c}\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy \(\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

AH
Akai Haruma
Giáo viên
14 tháng 2 2017

Lời giải khác:

Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:

\((a^2+1)(1+3)\geq (a+\sqrt{3})^2\)\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\leq \frac{2a}{a+\sqrt{3}}\)

Thực hiện tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\leq 2\left ( \frac{a}{a+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{b}{b+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{c}{c+\sqrt{3}} \right )=2A\) $(1)$

Lại có:

\(\)\(A=\left ( 1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{a+\sqrt{3}} \right )+\left ( 1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{b+\sqrt{3}} \right )+\left ( 1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{c+\sqrt{3}} \right )=3-\sqrt{3}\left ( \frac{1}{a+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{b+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{c+\sqrt{3}} \right )\)

Cauchy-Schwarz kết hợp với \(a+b+c\leq \sqrt{3}\):

\(A\leq 3-\frac{9\sqrt{3}}{a+b+c+3\sqrt{3}}\leq 3-\frac{9\sqrt{3}}{4\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\) $(2)$

Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq 2A\leq \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

6 tháng 8 2019

Áp dụng cô si

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}\\\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{cb}}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ac}}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=0\)

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x}\le\frac{x+1}{2}\\\sqrt{y-1}\le\frac{y-1+1}{2}\\\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{z-2+1}{2}\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{x+1+y-1+1+z-2+1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-2}\le\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\\z=3\end{cases}}\)

18 tháng 10 2020

Sửa ĐK của c) : a, b, c > 0

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ab}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)

\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{bc}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}}\)

\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{ca}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)

Cộng các vế tương ứng

=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)

=> \(2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)

=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\)

=> đpcm

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c

9 tháng 10 2016

ko biết

3 tháng 2 2019

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{abc}{abc+a^2\left(a+b+c\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{ac+a^2+ab+ac}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si được

\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)

Thiết lập các bđt còn lại cho 2 số hạng còn lại rồi cộng vào được đpcm

4 tháng 6 2020

Vì abc = 1 nên ta có thể đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y};\frac{y}{z};\frac{z}{x}\right)\). Khi đó: 

\(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{x}{z}+\frac{x}{y}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{xy+xz+2yz}}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}\right)\left(\text{ }\right)\)(Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)

\(\le\frac{3}{4}\left[\Sigma_{cyc}yz\left(\frac{1}{xy+yz}+\frac{1}{xz+yz}\right)\right]=\frac{3}{4}\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{xy+yz}{xy+yz}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{3}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z hay a = b = c = 1

1 tháng 1 2020

bài này hay đấy

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 3 số không âm, ta có :

\(\frac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1+\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1+\sqrt{c}}+\frac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1+\sqrt{a}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1+\sqrt{b}}.\frac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1+\sqrt{c}}.\frac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1+\sqrt{a}}}=3\)

Chứng minh \(\frac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1+\sqrt{b}}+\frac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1+\sqrt{c}}+\frac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1+\sqrt{a}}\le3+a+b+c\)( 1 )

đặt \(\sqrt{a}=x;\sqrt{b}=y;\sqrt{c}=z\)( x,y,z \(\ge\)0 )

do a,b,c là số nguyên 

Nếu a = b = c = 0 thì x = y = z = 0 nên ( 1 ) đúng

Nếu a,b,c không đồng thời bằng 0 \(\Rightarrow\)x+ y + z \(\ge\)1

Ta có : VT ( 1 ) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)-\left(1+x\right)y}{1+y}+\frac{\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)-\left(1+y\right)z}{1+z}+\frac{\left(1+z\right)\left(1+x\right)-\left(1+z\right)x}{1+z}\)

\(=3+x+y+z-\left[\frac{\left(1+x\right)y}{1+y}+\frac{\left(1+y\right)z}{1+z}+\frac{\left(1+z\right)x}{1+x}\right]\)

\(\le3+x+y+z-\frac{\left(1+x\right)y+\left(1+y\right)z+\left(1+z\right)x}{1+x+y+z}=3+x+y+z-\frac{x+y+z+xy+yz+xz}{1+x+y+z}\)

\(=3+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz}{1+x+y+z}\le3+x^2+y^2+z^2\)

Cần chứng minh : \(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz}{1+x+y+z}\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge xy+yz+xz\)

Mà \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge1.\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge xy+yz+xz\)

suy ra đpcm