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a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
cho a^3 +b^3+c^3=3abc và a+b+c khác 0 tính giá trị của biểu thức M=a^2020+b^2020+c^2020/(a+b+c)^2020
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\right)=0\)
mà \(a+b+c\ne0\)
nên \(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^{2020}+b^{2020}+c^{2020}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^{2020}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^{2020}+a^{2020}+a^{2020}}{\left(a+a+a\right)^{2020}}=\dfrac{3\cdot a^{2020}}{9\cdot a^{2020}}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Đoạn cuối em bị nhầm rồi kìa. \(\frac{a^{2020}+b^{2020}+c^{2020}}{(a+b+c)^{2020}}=\frac{3a^{2020}}{(3a)^{2020}}=\frac{3}{3^{2020}}=\frac{1}{3^{2019}}\)
cho a^3 +b^3+c^3=3abc và a+b+c khác 0 tính giá trị của biểu thức M=a^2020+b^2020+c^2020/(a+b+c)^2020
Ta có : a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
=> (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2) + c3 - 3abc = 0
=> (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b) + c3 - 3abc = 0
=> [(a + b)3 + c3] - [(3ab(a + b) + 3abc] = 0
=> (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + 2ab - ac - bc + c2) - 3ab(a + b + c) = 0
=> (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - ac - bc) = 0
=> a2 + b2 + c2 - ab- ac - bc = 0
=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab- ac - bc) = 0
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc = 0
=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (a2 - 2ac + c2) = 0
=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (a - c)2 = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Khi đó M = \(\frac{a^{2020}+b^{2020}+c^{2020}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^{2020}}=\frac{3.c^{2020}}{\left(3c\right)^{2020}}+\frac{3c^{2020}}{3^{2020}.c^{2020}}=\frac{1}{3^{2019}}\)
Bài 3:
a: \(\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab=7^2-4\cdot12=1\)
b: \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=7^3-3\cdot12\cdot7\)
\(=343-252=91\)
\(a+b\ge a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow2\ge a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\le1\)
Xét \(Q=\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{b}{b+1}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)+b\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+2ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{a+b+ab+ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+ab+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le2020+1^{2021}=2021\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
Ta có : a + b + c = 6
=> ( a + b + c ) ^ 2 = 6 ^ 2 = 36
=> a ^ 2 + b ^ 2 + c ^ 2 + 2 x ( ab + bc + ca ) = 36
=> 12 + 2 x ( ab + bc + ca ) = 36 ( vì a ^ 2 + b ^ 2 + c ^ 2 = 12 )
=> 2 x ( ab + bc + ca ) = 36 - 12
=> 2 x ( ab + bc + ca ) = 24
=> ab + bc + ca = 12
Do đó ab + bc + ca = a ^ 2 + b ^ 2 + c ^ 2
=> a = b = c = 2 ( vì a + b + c = 6 )
Khi đó : P = ( 2 - 3 ) ^ 2020 + ( 2 - 3 ) ^ 2020 + ( 2 - 3 ) ^ 2020
=> P = ( - 1 ) ^ 2020 + ( - 1 ) ^ 2020 + ( - 1 ) ^ 2020
=> P = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
Vậy P = 3
Cách 2:
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=12\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-12=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-24+12=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-4\left(a+b+c\right)+12=0\)(Vì a+b+c=6)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-4a+4\right)+\left(b^2-4b+4\right)+\left(c^2-4c+4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-2\right)^2+\left(b-2\right)^2+\left(c-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-2\right)^2=0\\\left(b-2\right)^2=0\\\left(c-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a-2=0\\b-2=0\\c-2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Thay a=b=c=2 vào P, ta có:
\(P=\left(2-3\right)^{2020}+\left(2-3\right)^{2020}+\left(2-3\right)^{2020}\)
\(=1+1+1=3\)
P/s: Bài bạn nguyễn tuấn thảo , chỗ để suy ra a=b=c=2 lm tắt quá nhé :))
Lời giải:
Ta có:
$2(ab+bc+ac)=(a+b+c)^2-(a^2+b^2+c^2)=6^2-12=24=2(a^2+b^2+c^2)$
$\Rightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)-2(ab+bc+ac)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2-2ab)+(b^2+c^2-2bc)+(c^2+a^2-2ac)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0$
$\Rightarrow a=b=c$. Mà $a+b+c=6$ nên $a=b=c=2$
Khi đó:
$A=(2-3)^{2020}+(2-3)^{2020}+(2-3)^{2020}=1+1+1=3$