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\(P=\dfrac{a}{4-3a}+\dfrac{b}{4-3b}+\dfrac{c}{4-3c}=\dfrac{a^2}{4a-3a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{4b-3b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{4c-3c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+c\right)-3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4-3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
Ta có: \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow4-3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le4-\left(a+b+c\right)^2=4-1=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4-3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Casch2:đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4-3a=x\\4-3b=y\\4-3c=z\end{matrix}\right.\)\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{4-x}{3}\\b=\dfrac{4-y}{3}\\c=\dfrac{4-z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(x+y+z=9\)
\(=>P=\dfrac{4-x}{3x}+\dfrac{4-y}{3y}+\dfrac{4-z}{3z}=\dfrac{4}{3x}+\dfrac{4}{3y}+\dfrac{4}{3z}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2+2+2\right)^2}{3.9}-1=\dfrac{4}{3}-1=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=z=3<=>a=b=c=1/3
\(P=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\) (BĐT Cauchy Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) .Thế vào biểu thức
\(\Rightarrow P\ge9+\dfrac{7}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=9+21=30\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=30\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{x-4+5}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)+5}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\sqrt{x}+2+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}-2+\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}-2}+4\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-2}}+4=4+2\sqrt{5}\)
\(A_{min}=4+2\sqrt{5}\) khi \(9+4\sqrt{5}\)
b.
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{l}{z}\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(B=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(B_{min}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Để dễ nhìn, đặt \(\left(a;b;c;d\right)=\left(x^4;y^4;z^4;t^4\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y;z;t\ge1\\xyzt=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó: \(P=\dfrac{1}{1+x^4}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^4}+\dfrac{1}{1+z^4}+\dfrac{1}{1+t^4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cơ bản: \(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\) với \(x;y\ge1\) ta được:
\(P\ge\dfrac{2}{1+\left(xy\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{1+\left(zt\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{1+xyzt}=\dfrac{4}{1+\sqrt[]{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=t\) hay \(a=b=c=d=...\)
