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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{6+a-c}=\frac{ab}{a+b+c+a-c}=\frac{ab}{2a+b}\)
\(=\frac{ab}{a+a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a}+\frac{ab}{a}+\frac{ab}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{9}\left(2b+a\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{bc}{6+b-a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2c+b\right);\frac{ca}{6+c-b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2a+c\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{9}\cdot3\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{6}{3}=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Ta có BĐT quen thuộc
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le7\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta lại có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le21\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\sqrt{21}\left(2\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 2 BĐT \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\) ta có:
\(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\le7+\sqrt{21}< 7+\sqrt{25}=12\) (ĐPCM)
\(a+b+c=7\Rightarrow a+b+c-1=6\)
Ta có:\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49=23+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=13\)
Lại có \(ab+c-6=ab+c-\left(a+b+c-1\right)=ab-a-b+1=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\)
Tương tự \(bc+a-6=\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(ca+b-6=\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{c-1+a-1+b-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=\frac{a+b+c-3}{abc-\left(ab+ac+bc\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)-1}\)
\(=\frac{7-3}{3-13+7-1}=-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le9\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\left(1\right)\)
Ta có:\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le3\left(2\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế của\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\)ta được:
\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\le3+3=6\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bài 2 :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 3ab + 3bc + 3ca
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
<=> ( a - b )^2 + ( b - c )^2 + ( c - a )^2 = 0
<=> a = b = c
1.
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+18=2ab+6a+6b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-6a+9\right)+\left(b^2-6b+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-3\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-3=0\\b-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=3\)
2.
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT cho 2 số dương:
\(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Xét: c + 1 = c + a + b + c
\(\frac{ab}{\left(c+1\right)}\le\frac{ab}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)}\right]\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}\le\frac{bc}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(b+a\right)}\right]\)
\(\frac{ca}{\left(b+1\right)}\le\frac{ac}{4}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(c+b\right)}\right]\)
Cộng lại:
\(\frac{ac}{\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{ca}{\left(b+1\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left\{\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{\left(a+b\right)}\right\}\)
Cộng lại + rút gọn mẫu số
\(\frac{ab}{\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{bc}{\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{ca}{b+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/s: Sai đâu bạn sửa nhé!
Xét \(P=\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)^2\)
\(P=\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+6\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{b^4}=2b^2\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(P=\frac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{b^2}+6\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+6=9\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)