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\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=\frac{a\left(1+b^2\right)-ab^2}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{b}{1+c^2}\ge b-\frac{bc}{2};\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge c-\frac{ca}{2}\)
Cộng lại:
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\ge a+b+c-\frac{ab}{2}-\frac{bc}{2}-\frac{ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge a+b+c\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le3\Rightarrow9\le3\left(a+b+c\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Khi đó:
\(VT\ge a+b+c\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ab}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{bc}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ca}\)
\(=3+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{bc}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{ca}\)(1)
Theo BĐT AM-GM: \(\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{bc}\right]\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{b^2}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{bc}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{ca}\right]\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{c^2}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{ab}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{ca}\right]\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}{a^2}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên rồi thay vào 1 ta sẽ thu được đpcm.
\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=6\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{1}{b}=y\\\frac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow x+y+z+xy+yz+zx=6\)
CM \(P=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\)
\(x^2+1\ge2x;y^2+1\ge2y;z^2+1\ge2z\)
\(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2zx\)
Cộng vế với vế
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)=12\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hoặc \(a=b=c=1\)
\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=6\)
Ta lại có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+1+\frac{1}{b^2}+1+\frac{1}{c^2}+1-3\ge\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}-3\)
\(\frac{2}{a^2}+\frac{2}{b^2}+\frac{2}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ca}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\frac{3}{a^2}+\frac{3}{b^2}+\frac{3}{c^2}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\ge6.2-3=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{3}{2}\ge a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow abc\le\frac{1}{8}\)
\(3+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=1+1+1+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2b}\ge7\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{16a^2b^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge343\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{16^3\left(abc\right)^4}}\ge343\sqrt[7]{\frac{1}{16^3\left(\frac{1}{8}\right)^4}}=343\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2-ab+b^2+b^2+1}}\le\sum\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab+b^2+2b}}=\sum\frac{2}{\sqrt{4b\left(a+b+2\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{a+b+1+1}\right)\le\sum\left(\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+1+1\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{3}{8}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2.
\(1\ge\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge\frac{9}{3+a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+3\ge6\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge6\)
\(P=\sum\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\sum\left(a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\right)\ge\sum\left(a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sum\left(\frac{2a}{3}-\frac{b}{3}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{6}{3}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Ta có : \(ab\le\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-ab+3b^2+1\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\)
Lại có : \(\left(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b^2+1\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{2}+\frac{5}{2}b+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}\ge\frac{a}{4}+\frac{5b}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+3b^2+1}}\le\frac{4}{a+b+b+b+b+b+1+1}\le\frac{4}{64}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+2\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+6\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xay ra khi a=b=c=1
Vậy \(P_{Max}=\frac{3}{2}\) khi a=b=c=1
\(VT\ge a+b+c+\frac{18}{a+b+c}\)
\(VT\ge a+b+c+\frac{9}{a+b+c}+\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(VT\ge2\sqrt{\frac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}}+\frac{9}{3}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2.
\(xy+yz+zx=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow yz=-\frac{1}{2}-x\left(y+z\right)=-\frac{1}{2}-x\left(-x\right)=x^2-\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x+y=-z\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^5=-z^5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+y^5+z^5=-5x^4y-10x^3y^2-10x^2y^3-5xy^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+y^5+z^5=-5xy\left(x^3+2x^2y+2xy^2+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=-5xy\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-xy\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=-5xy\left[-z^3+xyz\right]=5xyz\left(z^2-xy\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{5}{2}xyz\left(z^2+\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right)=\frac{5}{2}xyz\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{5}{2}xyz=\frac{5}{2}x\left(x^2-\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2=\frac{25}{4}x^2\left(\frac{1}{2}-x^2\right)^2=\frac{25}{8}.2x^2\left(\frac{1}{2}-x^2\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}-x^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le\frac{25}{8}\left(\frac{2x^2+\frac{1}{2}-x^2+\frac{1}{2}-x^2}{3}\right)^3=\frac{25}{216}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{5\sqrt{6}}{36}\)
\(P_{max}=\frac{5\sqrt{6}}{36}\) khi \(x=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\)
3.
Xét \(Q=\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)
\(Q^2=\frac{a^4}{b^2}+\frac{2a^2b}{c}+c^2+\frac{b^4}{c^2}+\frac{2b^2c}{a}+a^2+\frac{c^4}{a^2}+\frac{2c^2a}{b}+b^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Q^2\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^4.a^2b.a^2b.c^2}{b^2c^2}}+4\sqrt[4]{\frac{b^4.b^2c.c^2c.a^2}{c^2a^2}}+4\sqrt[4]{\frac{c^4.c^2a.c^2a.b^2}{a^2b^2}}-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Q^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\Rightarrow Q\ge\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
Đặt \(x=a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2020\sqrt{3x}+\frac{1}{3x}=\sqrt{3x}+\sqrt{3x}+\frac{1}{3x}+2018\sqrt{3x}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{3x}{3x}}+2018.\sqrt{3.\frac{1}{3}}=2021\)
\(P_{min}=2021\) khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{a}{1+b^2}+\frac{b}{1+c^2}+\frac{c}{1+a^2}\) ; \(Q=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\frac{a}{1+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{1+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2b}=a-\frac{1}{2}ab\)
Tương tự và cộng lại: \(P\ge a+b+c-Q\Rightarrow P+Q\ge a+b+c\)
Mặt khác \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\frac{9}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}\ge\frac{9}{3}=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)