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Bunyakovsky:
\(P^2=\left(\sqrt{a+2b+3c}+\sqrt{b+2c+3a}+\sqrt{c+2a+3b}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a+2b+3c+b+2c+3a+c+2a+3b\right)\)
\(=3.6\left(a+b+c\right)=18\)
\(P\le\sqrt{18}\)
"=" khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Chú ý: \(\left(a^2+2b^2+c^2\right)\left(2^2+1^2+2^2\right)\ge\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+c^2\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{b^2+2c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\); \(\sqrt{c^2+2a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Thay vào ta có: \(VT\le\frac{3\left(3a+b+3b+c+3c+a\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=6\)(qed)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Is that true?
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki ta được:
\(\left(\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{3a+b}{\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+c^2}}\right)^2\le3\left(\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{\left(3a+b\right)^2}{a^2+2b^2+c^2}\right)\)
Mặt khác cũng theo bđt Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức, ta được:
\(\frac{\left(3a+b\right)^2}{a^2+2b^2+c^2}\le\frac{9a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2}=\frac{9a^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+1\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự, ta có:
\(\frac{\left(3b+c\right)^2}{b^2+2c^2+a^2}\le\frac{9b^2}{b^2+c^2+a^2}+1\);\(\frac{\left(3c+a\right)^2}{c^2+2a^2+b^2}\le\frac{9c^2}{c^2+a^2+b^2}+1\)
Cộng từng vế của các bđt trên, ta được:
\(\text{}\text{}\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{\left(3b+c\right)^2}{b^2+2c^2+a^2}\le\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{9b^2}{b^2+c^2+a^2}+3=9+3=12\)
Do đó \(\left(\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{3a+b}{\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+c^2}}\right)^2\le3\left(\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{\left(3a+b\right)^2}{a^2+2b^2+c^2}\right)\le3.12=36\)
Hay \(\left(\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{3a+b}{\sqrt{a^2+2b^2+c^2}}\right)\le6\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{\sqrt{5a\left(3a+2b\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{\sqrt{5b\left(3b+2c\right)}}+\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{5c\left(3c+2a\right)}}\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{bc}{\sqrt{5ab\left(3ac+2bc\right)}}+\frac{ac}{\sqrt{5bc\left(3ab+2ac\right)}}+\frac{ab}{\sqrt{5ac\left(3bc+2ab\right)}}\ge\frac{3}{5}\)
Thật vậy, theo AM-GM ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{2bc}{5ab+2bc+3ac}+\frac{2ac}{3ab+5bc+2ac}+\frac{2ab}{2ab+3bc+5ac}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{2x}{2x+3y+5z}+\frac{2y}{5x+2y+3z}+\frac{2z}{3x+5y+2z}=\frac{2x^2}{2x^2+3xy+5zx}+\frac{2y^2}{5xy+2y^2+3yz}+\frac{2z^2}{3zx+5yz+2z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=\frac{3}{5}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c\ge0\\a+b+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le a;b;c\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a-1\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2\le a\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2a^2+3a+4}=\sqrt{a^2+a^2+3a+4}\le\sqrt{a^2+a+3a+4}=a+2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(\Rightarrow M\le a+2+b+2+c+2=7\)
\(M_{max}=7\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=ab\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b+c}}\le ab\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\right);\dfrac{ac}{\sqrt{ac+2b}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{c+a}+\dfrac{ab}{c+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+a}+\dfrac{bc}{c+a}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\right]=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Chọn D