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Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{c\left(b+c\right)+a\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3a}{4}\\\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3b}{4}\\\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{c+a}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3b}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{c+ab}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
p/s: bài này em nhớ em đã giải cho anh ròi mà ta =))
Chứng minh : \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge3\left(x^3y+y^3z+z^3x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\left(x^2-y^2-xy-xz+2yz\right)^2+\left(y^2-z^2-yz-xy+2xz\right)^2+\left(z^2-x^2-xz-yz+2xy\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{ab+1}=a-\dfrac{a^2b}{ab+1}\ge a-\dfrac{a^2b}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\dfrac{\sqrt{a^3b}}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{b}{bc+1}\ge b-\dfrac{\sqrt{b^3c}}{2};\dfrac{c}{ca+1}\ge c-\dfrac{\sqrt{c^3a}}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{a^3b}+\sqrt{b^3c}+\sqrt{c^3a}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
a.
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}}=a\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng vế:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b.
Ta có:
\(a^2+bc\ge2\sqrt{a^2bc}=2\sqrt{ab.ac}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{ab.ac}}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2abc}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bài 1:
Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\) ta tính được giá trị là \(9\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh nó là GTLN
Thật vậy ta cần chứng minh
\(\Sigma\dfrac{11a+4b}{4a^2-ab+2b^2}\le\dfrac{3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{abc}\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(\dfrac{3}{a}-\dfrac{11a+4b}{4a^2-ab+2b^2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-6b\right)}{a\left(4a^2-ab+2b^2\right)}\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\left(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-6b\right)}{a\left(4a^2-ab+2b^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)}{ab\left(4a^2-ab+2b^2\right)}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a^5+b^2+c^2\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+b^2+c^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng theo vế ta có:
\(Σ\dfrac{1}{a^5+b^2+c^2}\le\dfrac{Σ\dfrac{1}{a}+2Σa^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}\)
Ta chứng minh \(Σ\dfrac{1}{a}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\) - BĐT cuối đúng
Vậy ta có ĐPCM. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 3:
Từ \(a+b+c=3abc\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=3\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+xz=3\) và BĐT cần chứng minh là
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\). Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(x^3+x^3+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3\cdot x^3\cdot1}=3x^2\)
Tương tự có: \(y^3+y^3+1\ge3y^2;z^3+z^3+1\ge3z^2\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)+3\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
Lại có BĐT quen thuộc \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=9\left(xy+yz+xz=3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)+3\ge9\Rightarrow2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\). BĐT cuối đúng nên ta có ĐPCM
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
T/b:Vâng, rất giỏi
Bài toán cơ bản:
\(abc=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}=1\)
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{b+c}{a^2+bc}=\frac{(b+c)^2}{(b+c)(a^2+bc)}=\frac{(b+c)^2}{b(a^2+c^2)+c(a^2+b^2)}\leq \frac{c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{b^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}\)
Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:
$\frac{c+a}{b^2+ca}\leq \frac{c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{a^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}$
$\frac{a+b}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{a^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{b^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}$
Cộng theo vế và thu gọn suy ra:
$\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}$ (đpcm)