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Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a\ge b\).
Đặt \(a+b=2x;a-b=2y\) thì \(x,y\ge0\) và \(a=x+y;b=x-y\) (1)
Theo đề bài: \(2x+2=4y^2\Rightarrow x=2y^2-1\ge0\)(*). Thay vào (1) thu được: \(a=2y^2+y-1;b=2y^2-y-1\)
Vì \(b\ge0\Rightarrow2y^2-y-1\ge0\) (do trên) (**)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-1\right)\left(2y+1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow y\ge1\)
Vậy ta cần chứng minh:\(\left[1+\frac{\left(2y^2+y-1\right)^3}{\left(2y^2-y\right)^3}\right]\left[1+\frac{\left(2y^2-y-1\right)^3}{\left(2y^2+y\right)^3}\right]\le9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(1-y\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(5y^4+2y^2-1\right)}{y^6}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\left(5y^4+2y^2-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\left[\frac{1}{4}\left(2y^2-1\right)\left(10y^2+9\right)+\frac{5}{4}\right]\le0\)
Cái ngoặc vuông > 0 (do (*) ). Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(1-y\le0\Leftrightarrow y\ge1\)(hiển nhiên đúng theo (**) )
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left\{\left(2;0\right),\left(0;2\right)\right\}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=x>0\\b+c=y>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow xy=1\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2-2xy+2xy\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x-y\right)^2+2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}}+2=4\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a^4}{(a+2)(b+2)}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\geq 4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^4}{27.27.9}}=\frac{4a}{9}\)
\(\frac{b^4}{(b+2)(c+2)}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\geq \frac{4b}{9}\)
\(\frac{c^4}{(c+2)(a+2)}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\geq \frac{4c}{9}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\frac{a^4}{(a+2)(b+2)}+\frac{b^4}{(b+2)(c+2)}+\frac{c^4}{(c+2)(a+2)}+\frac{2(a+b+c)}{27}+\frac{7}{9}\geq\frac{4(a+b+c)}{9}\)
\(\frac{a^4}{(a+2)(b+2)}+\frac{b^4}{(b+2)(c+2)}+\frac{c^4}{(c+2)(a+2)}\geq \frac{10(a+b+c)}{27}-\frac{7}{9}=\frac{30}{27}-\frac{7}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
3: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b>=2\sqrt{ab}\\b+c>=2\sqrt{bc}\\a+c>=2\sqrt{ac}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)>=8abc\)
1: =>(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)-ab(a+b)>=0
=>(a+b)(a^2-2ab+b^2)>=0
=>(a+b)(a-b)^2>=0(luôn đúng)
Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại
Ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đúng theo AM-GM:
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(GT\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab=a+b+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+a+b^2+b=2\left(ab+a+b+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+1\right)+b\left(b+1\right)=2\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+1}+\dfrac{b}{a+1}=2\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b+1};\dfrac{b}{a+1}\right)=\left(x;y\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y\ge0\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le xy\le1\)
\(P=\left(1+x^3\right)\left(1+y^3\right)=1+x^3+y^3+x^3y^3\)
\(P=1+\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+\left(xy\right)^3\)
\(P=\left(xy\right)^3-6xy+9=xy\left[\left(xy\right)^2-6\right]+9\le9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(xy=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;2\right);\left(2;0\right)\)