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Bài 1:
\(P=(x+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)+(y+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=2+x+y+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\)
\(x+\frac{1}{2x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(y+\frac{1}{2y}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT SVac-xơ kết hợp với Cô-si:
\(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2y}\geq \frac{4}{2x+2y}=\frac{2}{x+y}\geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{2(x^2+y^2)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Cộng các BĐT trên :
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 2+2+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=4+3\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ:
\(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+a+2c}\geq \frac{4}{2a+4b+2c}=\frac{2}{a+2b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\geq \frac{4}{2b+4c+2a}=\frac{2}{b+2c+a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\geq \frac{4}{2c+4a+2b}=\frac{2}{c+2a+b}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\geq \frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
a: \(M=\dfrac{x+6\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+18-x}{x-36}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(\sqrt{x}+6\right)}{x-36}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{x}-6}\)
b: \(N=\dfrac{x^2}{y}\cdot\sqrt{xy\cdot\dfrac{y}{x}}-x^2\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2}{y}\cdot y-x^2=0\)
\(3=a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\)
\(M=2\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(=2\left[a+b+c+\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\right]-\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\ge2.\sqrt{9}-\dfrac{9}{3}=6-3=3\)Min = 3 khi a=b=c =1
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x>0;x\ne1\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x-1}\right):\left(\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{2-x}{x\sqrt{x}+x}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)+\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}:\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)-2+x}{x\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}:\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}}{x\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
b/ Với \(x>0;x\ne1\)
Để P>2 \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}-1}>2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}>0\)
Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2>0\) với mọi \(x>0,x\ne1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+1>0\) với mọi x
Khi đó, \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}>0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}>1\Leftrightarrow x>1\)
Vậy để P>2 thì x>1
c/ với \(x>0,x\ne1\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2+1+2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
= \(\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+2\)
Áp dụng bđt Co-si ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\ge2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}+2\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=1\\\sqrt{x}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(ktm\right)\\x=4\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy GTNN của P là 4 khi x=4
\(1a.\left(\sqrt{28}-2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}\right)\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{84}=\left(2\sqrt{7}-2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}\right)\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{84}=21-2\sqrt{21}+2\sqrt{21}=21\) \(b.\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{5}\right)^2-\sqrt{120}=11+2\sqrt{30}-2\sqrt{30}=11\)
\(2a.\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+\sqrt{ab}+\dfrac{a}{b}\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.b^2}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+b\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}=\left(2+b\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\) \(b.\sqrt{\dfrac{m}{1-2x+x^2}}.\sqrt{\dfrac{4m-8mx+4mx^2}{81}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{m}{\left(x-1\right)^2}}.\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{m}x-2\sqrt{m}\right)^2}{81}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{m}}{\text{|}x-1\text{|}}.\dfrac{\text{|}2\sqrt{m}x-2\sqrt{m}\text{|}}{9}=\dfrac{\sqrt{m}}{\text{|}x-1\text{|}}.\dfrac{2\sqrt{m}\text{|}x-1\text{|}}{9}=\dfrac{2m}{9}\) \(3a.VP=\left(\dfrac{1-a\sqrt{a}}{1-\sqrt{a}}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\right)^2=\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+1}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2.\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}=1=VT\)
KL : Vậy đẳng thức được chứng minh.
\(b.VP=\dfrac{a+b}{b^2}.\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^4}{a^2+2ab+b^2}}=\dfrac{a+b}{b^2}.\dfrac{b^2\text{|}a\text{|}}{\text{|}a+b\text{|}}=\dfrac{a+b}{b^2}.\dfrac{b^2\text{|}a\text{|}}{a+b}=\text{|}a\text{|}=VT\)
KL : Vậy đẳng thức được chứng minh .
P/s : Dài v ~
a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
(Luôn đúng)
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Đẳng thức khi \(a=b=c\)
b) \(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2b+1+a^2-2a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
(Luôn đúng)
Vậy ta có đpcm
Đẳng thức khi \(a=b=1\)
Các bài tiếp theo tương tự :v
g) \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)=a^2+a^2b^2+b^2+b^2c^2+c^2+c^2a^2\ge6\sqrt[6]{a^2.a^2b^2.b^2.b^2c^2.c^2.c^2a^2}=6abc\)
i) \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{b}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{bc}};\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế rồi rút gọn cho 2, ta được đpcm
j) Tương tự bài i), áp dụng Cauchy, cộng vế theo vế rồi rút gọn được đpcm
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\left(a+3b\right)\left(b+3a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(4a+4b\right)=a+b\)
Ta chứng minh: \(3\left(a+b\right)^2+4ab\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
hay \(3\left(a+b\right)^2+4ab\ge2\left(a+b\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-2\sqrt{ab}\right)^2\ge0\)( đúng)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-2\right)=\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}+\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2=1\) và \(a,b>0\Leftrightarrow0< a< 1;0< b< 1\Leftrightarrow1+a-b>0;1-b+a>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1-a+b\right)\left(1-b+a\right)}{ab}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1-a^2-b^2+2ab}{ab}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=1\\\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}=\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)