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PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow2KCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
a+b) Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{KOH}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot36,5}{300}\cdot100\%\approx2,43\%\\C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
Theo các PTHH: \(n_{CuO\left(lý.thuyết\right)}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Cu}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO}=0,1\cdot95\%=0,095\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,095\cdot80=7,6\left(g\right)\)
a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
_____0,1<---0,2<-------0,1<---0,1
=> mHCl = 0,2.36,5 = 7,3 (g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{7,3}=100\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 102,2 (g)
\(C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,1.95}{102,2}.100\%=9,2955\%\)
b)
CTHH: AaOb
PTHH: \(A_aO_b+2bHCl->aACl_{\dfrac{2b}{a}}+bH_2O\)
____________0,2------->\(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\)
=> \(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\left(M_A+35,5.\dfrac{2b}{a}\right)=13,5\)
=> \(M_A=\dfrac{64b}{a}=\dfrac{2b}{a}.32\)
Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=1\) => MA = 32 (L)
Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=2\) => MA = 64(Cu)
PTHH: \(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\)
a+b+c) Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl}\\n_{K_2SO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_3}=0,25\cdot158=39,5\left(g\right)=a\\m_{KCl}=0,5\cdot74,5=37,25\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5\cdot36,5}{10,95\%}\approx166,67\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{SO_2}=0,25\cdot64=16\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{K_2SO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{SO_2}=190,17\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{37,25}{190,17}\cdot100\%\approx19,59\%\)
d) PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaOH}=n_{HCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(l\right)\)
PTHH: \(CH_3COOH+KHCO_3\rightarrow CH_3COOK+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot24\%}{60}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_{KHCO_3}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKHCO_3}=\dfrac{0,8\cdot100}{16,8\%}\approx476.2\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{CH_3COOK}=0,8\left(mol\right)=n_{CO_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CH_3COOK}=0,8\cdot98=78,4\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=0,8\cdot44=35,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddCH_3COOH}+m_{ddKHCO_3}-m_{CO_2}=641\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH_3COOK}=\dfrac{78,4}{641}\cdot100\%\approx12,23\%\)
nAl2O3= 10,2/102= 0,1(mol)
a) PTHH: Al2O3 + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O
0,1_______0,6_______0,2_________0,3(mol)
mHCl=0,6.36,5= 21,9(g)
=>mddHCl= (21,9.100)/7,3=300(g)
b) mddsau= mAl2O3 + mddHCl= 10,2+300=310,2(g)
c) mAlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7(g)
=>C%ddAlCl3= (26,7/310,2).100=8,607%
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,6}{56}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,35--> 0,7-----> 0,35--> 0,35
\(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,7.36,5.100\%}{7,3\%}=350\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=19,6+350-0,35.2=368,9\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127.0,35.100\%}{368,9}=12,05\%\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. \(Na_2CO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaCO_3+2NaOH\)
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2
b. \(m_{kt}=m_{BaCO_3}=0,1.197=19,7\left(g\right)\)
c. \(C\%_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1.171.100}{200}=8,55\%\)
d. \(BaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
0,1 0,2
=> \(a=m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5.100}{30}=\dfrac{73}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(PTHH:HCl+KOH\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)(1)
\(HCl+KHCO_3\rightarrow KCl+H_2O+CO_2\)(2)
\(n_{KOH}=\frac{200.5,6}{100.56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KHCO_3}=\frac{5}{100}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (1) : \(n_{HCl}=n_{KOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (2) : \(n_{HCl}=n_{KHCO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,2+0,05=0,25\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,25.36,5=9,125\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a=m_{ddHCl}=\frac{9,125.100}{7,3}=125\left(g\right)\)